Sly Hospital

20/04/2025

Genetic mutations contribute to a small but significant portion of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases.

Understanding these genetic mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.

A new Series summarises groundbreaking research on genetic ALS, offering insights into potential treatments: https://hubs.li/Q03hnVVT0

👇 Figure: TDP-43 neuropathology in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The proportion of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by a genetic mutation might be less than 10% of all cases. However, the investigation of the mechanisms that lead to the loss of motoneurons in these patients is accelerating discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both...

20/04/2025

1. Oral (PO)

Description: Medications are taken by mouth and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.

Examples: Tablets, capsules, liquids.

Advantages: Convenient, non-invasive, easy to administer.

Disadvantages: Slower onset of action, affected by food, digestive disorders.

2. Intravenous (IV)

Description: Drugs are administered directly into a vein, providing rapid absorption.

Examples: IV fluids, antibiotics, pain relief.

Advantages: Fastest onset of action, precise control over dosage.

Disadvantages: Risk of infection, requires trained personnel.

3. Intramuscular (IM)
Description: Medications are injected into a muscle, from where they are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Examples: Vaccines, certain painkillers.

Advantages: Faster than oral administration, relatively easy to administer.

Disadvantages: Can be painful, absorption rate can vary.
4. Subcutaneous (SC or SubQ)

Description: Drugs are injected just beneath the skin and absorbed slowly into the bloodstream.

Examples: Insulin, heparin.

Advantages: Slower, sustained release of medication, can be self-administered.

Disadvantages: Slow onset, small volume of drug can be injected.

5. Topical

Description: Medications are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes.

Examples: Creams, ointments, transdermal patches.

Advantages: Direct effect on a localized area, minimal systemic side effects.

Disadvantages: Limited to localized treatment, potential skin irritation.

6. Inhalation

Description: Drugs are inhaled into the lungs, where they are rapidly absorbed.

Examples: Asthma inhalers, nebulizers.

Advantages: Rapid onset, local effects on the lungs.

Disadvantages: Requires proper technique for effective delivery, may irritate the airways.

7. Sublingual (SL)
Description: Drugs are placed under the tongue, where they are absorbed through the mucous membranes.

Examples: Nitroglycerin tablets.

Advantages: Rapid absorption, bypasses the digestive system.

Disadvantages: Limited to certain types of drugs, can cause irritation in the mouth.
8. Re**al (PR)

Description: Drugs are administered through the re**um, where they are absorbed by the re**al mucosa.

Examples: Suppositories, enemas.

Advantages: Useful when oral administration is not possible (e.g., vomiting, unconscious patients).

Disadvantages: May cause discomfort, absorption can be unpredictable.

9. Intrathecal and Epidural
Description: Drugs are injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (intrathecal) or around the spinal cord (epidural) for direct action on the nervous system.

Examples: Pain medications, anesthesia.

Advantages: Provides targeted treatment to the central nervous system.

Disadvantages: Risk of infection, requires skilled administrati
10. Intraperitoneal (IP)

Description: Drugs are injected into the peritoneal cavity, where they are absorbed by the lining of the abdomen.

Examples: Used mainly in animal studies and some cancer treatments.

Advantages: Direct access to abdominal organs.

Disadvantages: Risk of infection, not commonly used in humans.

20/04/2025

Common Symptoms of ulcers
.Ulcers, commonly known as peptic ulcers, are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus due to an imbalance in digestive juices or the presence of certain bacteria. These sores can lead to discomfort, pain, and potentially serious complications if left untreated.
...What are Ulcers?
Ulcers occur when the protective layer in the stomach or intestine erodes due to excess acid or an infection, often from HelicobacterPylori (H. pylori) bacteria.

They are classified into two main types:

1. Gastric ulcers (in the stomach) and
2.Duodenal ulcers (in the upper part of the small intestine).

Risk factors for developing ulcers include regular use of NSAIDs, smoking, high-stress levels, and excessive alcohol consumption.
.Symptoms to Look For:

Recognizing ulcer symptoms early can prevent complications. Here are some common signs:

🔹Burning Pain in the Stomach: A gnawing or burning sensation, often in the upper abdomen, is a classic ulcer symptom. This pain may intensify on an empty stomach or improve after eating.
🔹Bloating and Fullness: Feeling unusually full or bloated after eating small portions is common with ulcers.
🔹Heartburn or Acid Reflux: Persistent acid reflux or a sour taste in the mouth may also indicate an ulcer.
🔹Nausea or Vomiting: Ulcers can lead to nausea, especially in the morning or after meals.
🔹Dark or Black Stools: Blood in the digestive tract from an ulcer can cause stools to appear tarry or black, signaling the need for urgent medical attention.
....When to Seek Help:
If experiencing these symptoms consistently or notice severe signs like vomiting blood or sudden intense abdominal pain, it’s essential to seek medical care right away. Ignoring ulcer symptoms can lead to serious complications, including perforation (a hole in the stomach or intestine) and internal bleeding.
...Who to See:
Consulting a Gastroenterologist—a specialist in digestive health—is often the best course. They may recommend diagnostic tests like an upper endoscopy or a breath test for H. pylori bacteria to determine the ulcer's cause and assess its severity.

With prompt and proper treatment, most ulcers heal within weeks. Don’t ignore the signs—recognize and address the symptoms early to safeguard digestive health.

Stomach Ulcer? Here are 8 remedies for all types of Stomach Ulcer. Use any of them!

1. **Miracle Leaf** (Kalanchoe Pinnata)
The leaf of life, known for it's numerous medicinal Benefits has been proven to be one of the best Stomach Ulcer cure for centuries with available evidences backing this claim.
How to use: chew 3 leaves every morning / boil 7 leaves for 20 Minutes and drink all water extract once daily (morning) for 7-14 days.

2. **Turmeric (Curcumin)**:
Curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It's been studied for its role in preventing and healing ulcers, often recommended in combination with other treatments.
*How to use: 2 teaspoon of turmeric organic Powder once daily or ingest 1 whole fresh turmeric for 10-14 days

3. **Garlic**
studies suggest garlic can inhibit the growth of H. pylori, which helps in preventing & treating ulcers caused by this bacterium.
How to use: chew 2 cloves of garlic daily (morning) for 10-14 days.

4.**Unripe Plantain and Plantain Peel**
There are evidences of using unripe plantain and its peel in remedies & getting results due to their mucosal protecting properties and anti-ulcerogenic effects. Stomach ulcers are just one of the many benefits of plantain peel
How to use: Boil for 20 Minutes, drink a full glass cup twice daily / grind to powder and take 2 tablespoon for 7-14 days

5. **Jute Leaves (Ewedu)**
Specifically acknowledged by Herbalists worldwide for its healing properties, with enough scientific backing and evidences available to prove it can totally eradicate stomach ulcers and other diseases.
How to use: boil for 20 Minutes, drink full glass of water extract first thing in the morning for 10-14 days.

6. Guava Leaves**
Highly recommended for it's potential to treat stomach and intestinal issues, including ulcers, due to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
How to use: boil enough leaves with water, drink a full glass cup in the morning for 7-10 days.

7.**Neem Leaves & Ginger / Turmeric **
A combination of both suggested for their various properties like blocking acid production, promoting blood flow, and aiding in mucosal healing.
They can also be used individually.
How to use: boil neem Leaves & chopped ginger for 20 Minutes with 2ltr water, drink full glass cup twice daily for 10-14 days.

8. **Cabbage Juice**
Traditional, Historical and scientific evidence suggests that cabbage juice is very effective for treating ulcers, due to its vitamin U (S-methylmethionine) content, which helps in healing the stomach lining

20/04/2025

IBS affects 5-10% of people globally, with potentially significant negative impact on quality of life.
⁠
On World IBS Day, an Editorial from The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology aims to raise awareness for the ongoing challenges & barriers to care ▶️

April marks Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Awareness Month, and April 19 World IBS Day, together aiming to raise awareness of this debilitating condition. Characterised by abdominal pain and a change in stool form or frequency, IBS affects around 5–10% of individuals worldwide, with a significant ...

19/04/2025

Daily Affirmations:
Repeat these aloud each morning and night:
1. I am not my past-I am the author of my future.
2. I am safe to speak, to be seen, and to succeed.
3. My soul is ready to lead. My mind and body will follow.
4. I trust myself even when I feel afraid.
5. I deserve to take up space in every room
I walk into.

19/04/2025

Let’s keep moving. Staying active improves all aspects of our lives. From preventing diseases to boosting mental wellbeing, every move counts. WHO recommends adults do

🕒 at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity; or
🕒 at least 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week.

19/04/2025

Pregnancy, and life with a new baby, are times of immense transition.

If you know someone who is pregnant, or has a new baby, there are plenty of ways you can lean in and provide help.

Here are some tips:

💙 Checking in with them,
💙 being there for them when needed, and
💙 offering emotional support and understanding.

Let’s support mums, dads, babies and pave the way for .

19/04/2025

Work can affect mental health — both positively and negatively.
It’s essential to reduce risks to , and create safe, healthy work environments for all.
Have a friend who needs to hear this? Share this message.

19/04/2025

🤰🏾Mama, your health matters!

From the moment you know you're pregnant, your health—and that of your baby—deserves the best care.

WHO recommends at least 8 check-ups with a health professional, starting as soon as you know you are pregnant, to:

🩷 Monitor your health
👶🏾 Track your baby’s growth
✅ Detect, treat & prevent potential health problems
Every visit is a step towards a safe and healthy pregnancy.
You and your baby deserve the best start, for a healthy future. 💕

19/04/2025

Vapes are harmful and can be highly addictive. Some disposable vapes have nearly tripled in ni****ne strength in the span of only 5 years.

19/04/2025

Condoms protect against unplanned pregnancy and most s*xually transmitted infections, including HIV, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis.

Use only water- or silicone-based lubricant with a condom during vaginal and particularly a**l s*x

19/04/2025

🌐 As we approach the end of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) era in five years, it’s crucial to assess progress.

Although most health and health-related indicators continue to show progress, there has been a notable slowdown in the rate of improvement after 2015. And the global health and development agenda faces several obstacles.

A new Lancet Review draws special attention to reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) and nutrition—with authors calling for:
1️⃣ An explicit focus on sub-Saharan Africa
2️⃣ Strengthening health systems for RMNCAH and nutrition
3️⃣ Safeguarding progress against crises
4️⃣ Enhancing monitoring and accountability
5️⃣ Revitalising RMNCAH and nutrition

Find out more: https://hubs.li/Q03h8mnN0

Alt: Cover of the 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown to 2030 for women’s, children’s, and adolescents’ health: tracking progress on health and nutrition. The quote: There is an urgent need for a collective focus on RMNCAH and nutrition to prevent backsliding and put the world on course to achieve its commitments to women, children, and adolescents everywhere.

In line with previous progress reports by Countdown to 2030 for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health, this report a**lyses global and regional trends and inequalities in health determinants, survival, nutritional status, intervention coverage, and quality of care in reproductive, maternal, n...