14/12/2025
๐๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐
Blood-stained urine, known as hematuria, indicates blood in the urine and requires medical evaluation to identify the underlying cause.[2]
# # Common Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affecting the bladder, kidneys, urethra, or prostate often cause blood in the urine due to inflammation.[1][2] Kidney infections like post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis can also lead to reddish-brown urine.[1][4]
# # Structural Issues
Kidney or bladder stones irritate the urinary tract, resulting in visible blood.[2][6] Enlarged prostate (BPH) or prostate
inflammation commonly contributes, especially in older adults.[2][6]
# # Serious Conditions
Cancers of the bladder, kidney, or prostate are key concerns, particularly in those over 35.[2][6] Kidney diseases involving the glomeruli, blood-clotting disorders like hemophilia, or sickle cell disease can also produce hematuria.[2][4]
# # Other Factors
Vigorous exercise may trigger muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis), darkening urine with blood-like appearance.[1][2] Certain medications, trauma, or menstruation can mimic or cause it, but non-menstrual cases warrant prompt testing.[1][10]
Tests to diagnose hematuria
Tests for diagnosing hematuria begin with confirming the presence of blood through urinalysis and proceed to imaging and invasive procedures based on initial findings.[1][5]
# # Initial Screening
Urinalysis serves as the primary test, using dipsticks for quick detection and microscopic examination to confirm three or more red blood cells per high-power field.[1][3] Urine cytology checks for cancer cells, while blood tests assess kidney function, clotting issues, or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in men.[2][6]
# # Imaging Studies
Computed tomography (CT) urogram provides detailed views of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, detecting stones, tumors, or structural issues with high sensitivity.[1][7] Ultrasound or MRI scans evaluate the kidneys and bladder non-invasively, often as initial imaging for those avoiding radiation.[3][4]
# # Invasive Procedures
Cystoscopy involves inserting a camera-equipped tube into the urethra and bladder to visualize bleeding sources directly, with high sensitivity for bladder cancer.[1][5] Kidney biopsy may be needed if glomerular disease is suspected, sampling tissue via needle.[3]
Urine dark or brown in color? Learn more about 10 conditions that might cause your urine to look brown, and when you should see your doctor.
