Supercritical fluid is a peculiar state of a substance being under the certain pressure and heated to the certain temperature, higher than so called critical ones, when the substance possesses penetrating ability of gases and dissolving ability of fluids. By regulating just 2 parameters - pressure and temperature - it is possible to achieve selective dissolving or, on the contrary, selective preci
pitation of pure substances including natural ones, when necessary in the form of micro- and nanoparticles, or microcapsules, covered with natural polymers. The supercritics technology allowes to perform purification, microcovering, painting or deep impregnation of various materials, synthesis of polymers with unique characteristics, manufacturing new kinds of fuel, recirculation of waste, including nuclear fuel waste. It is widely accepted that financial crisis recurs periodically in the world market economics at the periods of overproduction of goods, related to the technology, which evoked the previous rise of the economics, and crisis overcoming occurs with the new technological burst. The main technology of the last economical rise was microelectronics and computer technics. Candidates for a new technological burst are the technologies of "green chemistry" - supercritical fluid technologies (SFT). Similarity of SFT to computer technologies expresses as follws:
1. Miniaturity at high productivity - the device occupying 2x2 m can replace a small plant situated at the area no less than 20x30 m.
2. Variability (up to universality) of applications: from food industry, pharmacy and dry-cleaning to space technics, energetics and nanotechnologies.
3. Modular principle, which allows on the basical construction various variants of assembly depending on purpose.
4. The main application for today - food industry and pharmacy - has the most high consumption. Today's relevance of supercritical fluid technologies is dependent on the following factors:
1. Products do not contain solvent admixtures and other chemical reagents, as the supercritical fluid replaces solvents and allows to get rid of any technological admixture completely. Present day human generation was born in the epoch of chemical technologies triumph, which most likely is responsible for spreading of various severe diseases, and in the first place, oncological ones, that we can observe in all the countries.
2. SFT manufacture does not use water for technological process, does not produce industrial waste water, does not require water treatment and water purification facilities.
3. SFT manufacture does not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, on the contrary, CO2 capturing in the technological process will reduce CO2 content in the atmosphere making contribution into greenhouse effect reduction.
4. SFT equipment has low operational costs, as the fluid moves in the closed circuit with minimal losses and does not require additional regeneration.
5. СО2 is cheap, available, inert and non-toxic reagent.