04/06/2024
EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA BY Dr. C. Mmanga
On May 17, 2024, Ms. Chilungamo M’manga delivered an insightful presentation on the impacts of childhood trauma. She defined it as any life-threatening event experienced by a child, emphasizing the diverse family and neighbourhood environments in which children are raised. Ideally, children are nurtured by caring adults who ensure their healthy development. Unfortunately, there are instances where these trusted adults may cause harm or fail to provide necessary care.
Ms. M’manga highlighted the significance of life experiences, both positive and negative, in shaping our growth. Contrary to the belief that children should quickly overcome traumatic events, she noted that the effects often linger, affecting young individuals well into the future.
The talk proceeded to identify various causes of trauma, which can range from abuse and accidents to living in unsafe neighbourhoods or experiencing bullying. Ms. M’manga outlined several traumatic experiences that children may face, including:
- Abuse (physical, emotional, sexual)
- Single incidents (e.g., car accidents, natural disasters)
- Unsafe living environments
- Bullying
- Neglect
- Exposure to violence
- Family issues (e.g., substance abuse, mental health challenges, separation, incarceration)
- Loss and grief
- Societal issues (e.g., racism, discrimination, oppression)
These factors, among others, contribute to the complex nature of childhood trauma and its lasting effects on young lives.
Ms. M'manga elaborated on the repercussions of adverse events on children and adolescents, highlighting that such experiences often evoke fear, sadness, anger, or self-blame. The unpredictability of trust, due to the potential of being let down or harmed, can lead to a pervasive sense of neglect, prompting beliefs of undeservedness regarding these negative occurrences. This can erode their self-worth, making them feel alienated, particularly in contrast to their peers who enjoy supportive family environments. Overwhelmed by these emotions, they may resign to a sense of futility in their efforts and abilities.
During the session, attendees were asked to reflect on whether they had encountered similar feelings in their youth. Ms. M'manga reassured them that it is a natural response for children to exhibit sadness or persistent questioning in the face of such events. Nonetheless, she noted that for some, the impact may extend far beyond the immediate aftermath, affecting them profoundly over time.
The essence of trauma lies in its capacity to induce a state of helplessness, diminish one's self-identity, and hinder the ability to experience a broad spectrum of emotions and life events. It is characterized as trauma when it exceeds an individual's coping mechanisms, leading to overwhelming stress.
Trauma's impact varies widely among individuals, with childhood trauma often leading to diverse outcomes in adolescents. Emotional and psychological symptoms are common, including anxiety, depression, mood swings, and feelings of low self-worth. These internal struggles may be compounded by behavioural issues such as aggression and substance abuse. Academically, trauma can disrupt concentration and learning, affecting performance and attendance. Socially, adolescents may withdraw, struggle to trust and feel isolated. Physically, trauma can manifest in unexplained symptoms like headaches and fatigue. Understanding these potential effects is crucial for providing appropriate support and interventions.
Adolescents who have endured childhood trauma may exhibit self-harming behaviours or suicidal tendencies. Such individuals might engage in cutting, burning, or other harmful actions, and may have thoughts or attempts of su***de. Addressing these serious issues, Ms. M'manga posed reflective questions to the audience about their experiences before turning 18, including feelings of neglect, loss of a parent, living with someone with mental health issues or substance abuse, and experiencing physical abuse. In response to a query about aiding those dealing with trauma, Ms. M'manga emphasized the importance of professional therapy, which can uncover and address the root causes of trauma. Additionally, she suggested building supportive relationships, engaging in enjoyable activities, practicing self-care, and journaling as therapeutic techniques. She advocated for open expression about one's experiences and the act of forgiveness towards those who caused the trauma, noting that even if there is no acknowledgement or apology, it can still facilitate healing.
