26/12/2025
The liquid gastric balloon is a temporary medical device designed to aid weight loss in people with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) or overweight (BMI 27-30) with comorbidities. Its mechanism of action is based on physical restriction and hormonal modification, supported by scientific evidence.
How does it work?
1. Partial stomach occupancy:
• The balloon is inserted endoscopically (without surgery) and filled with sterile saline solution (400-700 ml).
• It reduces gastric capacity, limiting food intake and generating early satiety.
2. Delayed gastric emptying:
• Studies (e.g., Obesity Surgery, 2019) show that the balloon slows the passage of food into the intestine, prolonging the feeling of fullness.
3. Hormonal Modulation:
• Decreases ghrelin (hunger hormone) and increases peptide YY and GLP-1 (satiety hormones), according to research in Gastroenterology.
Evidence-Based Effectiveness
• Weight Loss:
• Meta-analysis (Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2020) reports a 10-15% reduction in body weight over 6 months.
• Greater effectiveness when combined with diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy.
• Metabolic Improvement:
• Reduction in insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile (Endocrine Practice, 2021).
Limitations and Risks
• Common adverse effects (first few weeks): nausea, vomiting, and reflux.
• Rare complications: migration or perforation (≤1%, according to Surgical Endoscopy). It is not permanent: it is removed after 6-12 months, requiring lifestyle changes to maintain results.
The liquid gastric balloon is a validated aid for moderate weight loss, using both physical and hormonal mechanisms. Its success depends on a multidisciplinary approach. It should always be prescribed and monitored by an obesity specialist.