19/10/2025
Q1 🇨🇳
国内乳癌年轻化的数据变化？
最明显增加的是哪个年龄层？
这几年我们发现，乳癌患者真的越来越年轻。
根据国家癌症登记中心（Malaysia National Cancer Registry - MNCR 2017–2021）的数据，
- 20到34岁的女性乳癌病例增加了大约 13%，
- 40到49岁的病例增加了 16%。
- 整体来说，大约一半的乳癌患者在50岁以下，其中大约 13.6% 是40岁以下的年轻女性。
Q1 🇬🇧
What are the data trends showing the rise of breast cancer among younger women in Malaysia?
Which age group shows the most significant increase?
In recent years, we’ve found that breast cancer patients are becoming noticeably younger.
According to data from the Malaysia National Cancer Registry (MNCR 2017–2021),
-breast cancer cases among women aged 20 to 34 have increased by about 13%,
-40 to 49 have risen by 16%.
-Overall, about half of all breast cancer patients are under 50 years old, and around 13.6% are young women under 40.
✅ Evidence basis:
Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report 2017–2021 (published 2024).
Universiti Putra Malaysia study: 13.6% of Malaysian breast cancer patients are under 40.
Q2🇨🇳
乳癌年轻化的因素
乳癌年轻化主要的风险因素可以分为三类：遗传、激素、生活方式和环境。
1. 遗传因素（Genetic factors）
年轻女性乳癌大多数是由于遗传基因变化引起的，尤其是 BRCA1、BRCA2、TP53 和 PALB2。
2. 激素因素（Hormonal factors）
长期暴露在雌激素下的风险因素包括：初经早、更年期晚、晚结婚、晚生孩子或没有生孩子、没有哺乳。
有些乳癌也可能在怀孕或哺乳期出现。
长期使用荷尔蒙避孕药也可能轻微增加风险。
3. 生活方式因素（Lifestyle factors）
体重增加、缺乏运动或饮酒过多都会增加乳癌风险。
Q2 🇬🇧 English
What are the factors causing breast cancer to appear in younger women?”
The main risk factors for younger-onset breast cancer can be grouped into four categories: genetic, hormonal, lifestyle, and environmental.
1. Genetic Factors
Most breast cancers in young women are caused by inherited gene changes, especially BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, and PALB2.
2. Hormonal Factors
Risk factors related to long-term exposure to oestrogen include early menarche, late menopause, late marriage, late first pregnancy or having no children, and not breastfeeding. Some breast cancers may also occur during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Long-term use of hormonal contraception may also slightly increase risk.
3. Lifestyle Factors
Weight gain, lack of exercise, or excessive alcohol consumption can increase breast cancer risk.
Q3 🇨🇳
哪一类乳癌在年轻女性中比较多？
其实乳癌可以分成几种类型，
主要是看有没有 三种 “receptors”
ER receptors; PR receptors; 还有 HER2 receptors。
在年轻女性里，比较常见的是 HER2 positive 和 TNBC
这两种类型通常比较凶、长得快，需要所有能用的治疗方法。
Q3 🇬🇧
Which type of breast cancer is more common in young women?
Breast cancer can be divided into several types, based on whether three receptors are present:
the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 receptor
Among younger women, the more common ones are HER2 positive and triple-negative (TNBC) breast cancers. These two types are more aggressive and usually require all available treatment options.
Q4 🇨🇳
为什么年轻女性比较容易出现比较“凶”的乳癌类型？
我们其实不清楚为什么，但是在年轻女性中，HER2 positive 和TNBC 最常见. 其中，TNBC与BRCA1基因突变高度相关，携带BRCA1突变的女性风险更高。
如果出现以下情况，建议考虑做基因检测：
• 家族中有乳癌患者，包括男性乳癌，或一级亲属（妈妈、姐妹、女儿）患乳癌
• 40岁前被诊断乳癌
• 50岁前被诊断为三阴性乳癌（TNBC）
• 60岁前被诊断双侧乳癌
• 家族中有年轻时患乳癌或卵巢癌的情况
符合其中一项时，最好与医生讨论是否需要做基因检测，以及早了解自己的风险。
Q4 🇬🇧
Why are young women more likely to develop more aggressive types of breast cancer?
We don’t really know why but in young women, HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are the most common.Among these, TNBC is strongly associated with BRCA1 gene mutations, and women carrying BRCA1 mutations have a higher risk.
If any of the following situations apply, genetic testing is recommended:
• There are breast cancer cases in the family, including male breast cancer, or first-degree relatives (mother, sister, daughter) with breast cancer.
• Breast cancer diagnosed before age 40.
• Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosed before age 50.
• Bilateral breast cancer diagnosed before age 60.
• Family history of early-onset breast or ovarian cancer.
If any of these criteria are met, it is best to discuss with a doctor whether genetic testing is needed to understand your risk early.
Q5 🇨🇳良性的乳房问题
除了乳癌之外，年轻女性也常会出现一些良性的（非癌性）乳房问题。这些虽然不是癌症，但仍然需要注意并定期检查。
例如：
1. 乳腺纤维瘤（Fibroadenoma）
最常见的乳房肿块类型。一般是良性的，不会变成癌症，但建议定期进行超声波随访。
2. 乳房囊肿（Breast cyst）
乳房内的液体囊泡，多与荷尔蒙变化有关。
月经前可能会变大或变痛，月经后则会缩小。
3. 乳腺炎（Mastitis）
通常发生在哺乳期，乳房会出现发炎或感染的情况。
4. 乳房胀痛（Breast tenderness or pain）
许多女性在月经前会感到乳房胀痛，这是正常现象。
实际上，大约99%的乳房疼痛并不是由乳腺癌引起的。
最重要的是：
女性应当每月进行一次乳房自检。
最佳时间是在月经结束后一周左右。
如果发现新的肿块、乳房形状或皮肤有变化、乳头内陷或带血的分泌物, 应当尽快就医检查。
Q5 🇬🇧 Benign Breast Conditions
Apart from breast cancer, young women often experience some benign (non-cancerous) breast conditions.
Although these are not cancer, they still require attention and regular check-ups.
For example:
1. Fibroadenoma
The most common type of breast lump. It is usually benign and does not turn into cancer, but regular ultrasound follow-up is recommended.
2. Breast cyst
A fluid-filled sac in the breast, often related to hormonal changes.
It may become larger or more painful before menstruation and shrink afterwards.
3. Mastitis (breast inflammation)
This can occur during breastfeeding when the breast becomes inflamed or infected.
4. Breast tenderness or pain
Many women experience breast swelling or pain before their period — this is normal.
In fact, about 99% of breast pain is not caused by breast cancer.
Most importantly:
Women are advised to perform a breast self-exam once a month.
The best time to do it is about one week after your period.
If you notice a new lump, changes in shape or skin, ni**le retraction, or bloody discharge,
you should see a doctor as soon as possible.
