11/07/2025
Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are painful, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles during or shortly after exercise, typically affecting large muscle groups.
Misconception of muscle cramps is that they are generally not caused by dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
Actual causes of muscle cramps include:
1. Muscular fatigues and overuse
Commonly, it occurs in larger muscle groups involved in running, such as calf, quads, and hamstrings. Normally, it occurs at the end of the competition where fatigue is highest.
2. Prior history of muscle cramps
Athletes with muscle cramps during the event have a higher chance of getting it again.
3. History of muscle injury
4. Pain and stress
Pain and stress or unrealistis expectations can increase nervous system excitability.
5. Poor conditioning or training
Stages of Cramping
🪇 Precramping (Muscle twitching)
💪🏼 Mild or moderate cramps
😵 Severe cramps
EAMCs will present with noticeable pain, often leading to slowing down or ceasing activity. The cramping muscles often appear rigid, with visible and palpable knotting or tautness, which is a key differentiator from other conditions
Prevention is Key 🔑
1. Proper training and conditioning
Train sufficiently for the distance and demands of your trail race. Regular training is the BEST PREVENTION.
2. Pacing
Avoid starting too quickly, pace your race so that you are not overexerted at the end of the race.
3. Proper nutition and hydration
Consume nutritious well balanced diet and sufficient fluid intake before your training and competition. Consuming carbohydrates or a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink during exercise to help stave off fatigue and promote greater absorption and retention of ingested fluids.
4. Stretching
Pre-race stretching might not be effective in reducing the risk of muscle cramps. It is most effective when the cramp is happening or about to happen.
5. Educate yourself 📖
Educate yourself about the various causes of EAMCs and safe hydration practices before implementing prevention strategies.