28/04/2025
PROCESS AND PROCEDURES FOR IVF
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to assist with fertility, prevent genetic problems, and help with the conception of a child. Below is a clear step-by-step outline of the typical IVF process and procedures:
**1. Initial Consultation and Testing**
- **Fertility evaluation** of both partners.
- Blood tests to check hormone levels (e.g., AMH, FSH).
- Ultrasound to assess ovarian reserve and uterus.
- Semen analysis for s***m count, motility, and morphology.
- Discussion of medical history and possible causes of infertility.
**2. Ovarian Stimulation (10–14 days)**
- **Hormonal injections** (e.g., FSH, LH) stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
- Frequent monitoring via **ultrasound and blood tests** to track follicle development.
- Medications like **GnRH antagonist or agonist** may be used to prevent premature ovulation.
**3. Trigger Shot**
- When follicles are mature, a **trigger injection** of hCG or another hormone is given to induce final egg maturation.
- Egg retrieval is scheduled approximately **36 hours later**.
**4. Egg Retrieval (Oocyte Aspiration)**
- Performed under **sedation** or anesthesia.
- A thin needle guided by ultrasound retrieves eggs from the ovaries.
- Same day, the male partner provides a **s***m sample**.
**5. Fertilization and Embryo Culture**
- Eggs and s***m are combined in the lab (conventional IVF) or via **ICSI** (intracytoplasmic s***m injection) if needed.
- Fertilized eggs are cultured for 3–5 days to form **embryos**.
- Embryos are monitored for quality and development.
**6. Embryo Transfer**
- Typically done on **Day 3 or Day 5** after retrieval.
- One or more embryos are transferred into the uterus using a thin catheter.
- A blood test for pregnancy (beta hCG) is done about **10–14 days later**.
**Optional Procedures**
- **Genetic testing (PGT-A/PGT-M):** For chromosomal normalcy or inherited disorders.
- **Embryo freezing (cryopreservation):** Extra embryos can be frozen for future use.
- **Assisted hatching:** To help embryo implantation.
**7. After Transfer and Follow-up**
- Progesterone support (via injections or suppositories) is continued.
- Monitor for signs of pregnancy or complications like **OHSS** (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome).
- If pregnancy is confirmed, early ultrasounds are scheduled.
