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What is presbyopia?

Presbyopia is a type of refractive error that is caused by changes in the lens of the eye as a result of the natural ageing process. Those with presbyopia gradually lose their ability to focus on nearby objects, such as reading a text message or reading a book, but in most cases their ability to see faraway objects remains intact. Most people will notice the effects of presbyopia sometime after the age of 40 years.

The following sections will briefly outline the public health implications of presbyopia, what causes presbyopia, its signs and symptoms, and some insights into its management strategies.



presbyopia in old age
How many people suffer from presbyopia?

Based on an estimate by Australian researchers in 2015, approximately 1.8 billion people suffer from presbyopia worldwide. This number is projected to increase to around 2.1 billion by 2030 [1].

Presbyopia is known to develop with age and typically starts to develop in adults at around 40 years of age. It affects people in both developed and developing countries. In the United States, the proportion of people aged 45 years and above with presbyopia was found to be 88.9% [2]. Similarly, in developing countries such as Brazil, the proportion of adults 45 years and above with presbyopia was found to be 76% [2].

Uncorrected presbyopia is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the world and predominantly affects low- and middle-income countries [3]. In these countries, the proportion of people with their presbyopia corrected can be as low as only 10%. If left uncorrected, presbyopia may lead to increased difficulty when carrying out daily near work activities and an overall reduction in quality of life due to loss of clear vision [2].

The economic costs of presbyopia

Presbyopia also poses major economic problems due to its high direct and indirect medical costs, as well as productivity losses associated with the condition. A study conducted in 2011 estimated a global productivity loss of US$ 25.4 billion each year due to uncorrected and under-corrected presbyopia [2].

Diagram showing the difference between an eye without presbyopia and an eye with presbyopia
Figure 1. Diagram showing the difference between an eye without presbyopia and an eye with presbyopia. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyopia)
How does presbyopia develop?

During the natural process of ageing, the lens of the eyes become harder and less flexible. Ciliary muscles in the eye also become weaker with age. The ciliary muscles are a ring of smooth muscle in the eye that helps control the shape of the lens when focusing on nearby and distant objects. The hardening of the lens and the weakening of the ciliary muscles in people with presbyopia make it difficult for the lens to focus light properly onto the retina to produce clear vision. Instead, light gets focused behind the retina, which causes blurry vision when looking at nearby objects.

Is presbyopia the same as far-sightedness?

Read more @

https://plano.co/eye-health/other-eye-conditions/presbyopia/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA-K2MBhC-ARIsAMtLKRsGepm9dG4RvvyEkLclybM1pP7Z8PPKjLCRPHFLdLAhW6M9azJy2HIaAoUPEALw_wcB

24/07/2020

Dry eye syndrome is multifactorial. Primarily it is divided into decreased tear secretion and evaporative dry eye. Presently in this digital world, computers and cell phones have become new causes of dry eye called Computer vision syndrome.
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is the general term used to describe a variety of vision related symptoms that may be aggravated of a computer/digital screen devices for two or more hours a day. It has been more accelerated in this Corona pandemic due to overuse of computers and cellphones. It is characterised by eye strain, watering, redness and foreign body sensation.
The following precautions are recommended to prevent this syndrome:
The chair should be higher than the desktop
The desktop should be inclined 15 degrees away.
There should be adequate distance between you and desktop. You should not be too close to desktop.
You should give rest to your eyes for 2 to 3 minutes after every 30 minutes. You should roll your eyes clockwise and anti-clockwise during these 3 minutes.
They should be either from ceiling side or backside.

See your optometrist today for optimal visual performance...