Ehisano Pharm and Supermarket

23/02/2020

It's available

28/12/2019

14/11/2019

Early detection is the key, check your sugar levels at all times

07/10/2019

Pink lip balm for sale , order yours now

04/10/2019

*BENEFITS OF NUTRIMEAL*
🍛🍛🍛🍛

*Sugar free 😊*
Nutrimeal is a great swallow that has zero simple sugar content. This means that there is no inflated blood sugar hike when you eat the meal. This makes it better than other swallows like wheatmeal, fufu, garri, yam etc.

*Dietary fibre👌🏽*
Nutrimeal has adequate dietary fibre. This helps to reduce blood LDL cholesterol levels thus reducing your risk for high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Fibre is also known to reduce the release of digestible carbohydrates from food. Fibre also aids bowel movement and prevents constipation.

*Handles Diabetes 💉*
Type 2 diabetes is mostly brought about high carbohydrate intake and an inactive lifestyle. Management of type 2 diabetes is by reducing your carbohydrate intake (which reduces the stress and wear-out of the beta cells that produce insulin) and by exercising at least 30-45mins a day (to help reduce insulin resistance). Nutrimeal is a low carb swallow and is perfect for diabetes management and control.

*High blood pressure management 📈*
High carbohydrate intake increases blood free triglyceride levels. This, in turn, increases LDL cholesterol levels. Increased LDL levels is a risk factor for high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Another route is that chronic high blood sugar levels brought about by large carbohydrate intake can negatively affect the arteries reducing their ability to relax. This can lead to High blood pressure over time.
The key is to reduce the carbohydrate intake and Nutrimeal is your perfect meal. 😊👍🏼

*Great for healthy weight management 👍🏼*
When you take carbohydrates, the body secretes insulin which helps to push the digested sugars (glucose) into the cells where they are used to produce energy (in the form of ATP). When you take more carbohydrates in than you necessarily need, the insulin pushes the excess glucose through another pathway where they are converted to free fatty acids and triglycerides...and are stored in the fat cells in adipose tissues. The result of this is increased *% fat* and weight.
Nutrimeal would give you the right amount of carbohydrates the body needs.

Choose Nutrimeal😃🍛

06/05/2019

16/04/2019

THE RHESUS-NEGATIVE WOMAN AND PREGNANCY

BLOOD GROUP&RHESUS FACTOR
There are numerous human blood types. The commonest one is the ABO blood type consisting of 4 blood groups,namely: A,B,O &AB blood groups Each of us has a specific blood group. Each of these groups is further subdivided into RHESUS -POSITIVE (Rh+ve)and RHESUS - NEGATIVE (Rh-ve).What determines whether someone is Rh+ve or Rh-ve is the presence or absence of the Rhesus antigen. This is a molecule found on the surface of individual red blood cells. People who have the antigen on the surface of their red blood cells are described as being Rhesus+ve while those whose red blood cells do not carry the antigen are Rhesus-ve.. Rhesus+ve people are in the majority worldwide but the proportion varies from one ethnic community to the other. The same applies to the distribution of blood groups in different communities even though the blood group O is the dominant group worldwide.According to Wilkepedia in Nigeria 51.3% of the population carry the O blood group, out of which only 1.7% of the people are Rh-ve,22.4% have the A blood group and only 0.7% are Rh-ve,, 20.7% have the B group with 0.6% being Rh-ve,and only just over 4% have the AB blood group with only 0.1 % being Rh-ve.. So over 95% of our population are Rh+ve and less than 5% are Rh-ve.But in the UK people with Rh-ve blood make up almost 20% of the population.
Your blood type depends on the genes you inherit from both parents.Your blood will be Rh-ve if you fail to inherit any copies of the Rh antigen from either of your parents.
Women with Rh-ve blood may have problems in pregnancy due to Rhesus-sensitisation. Sensitisation will occur in pregnancy if a Rh-ve woman is pregnant with a foetus who has Rh+ve blood.In most cases the foetal and maternal bloods do not mix until the time of delivery. Once they do the maternal red blood cells produce antibodies against the foetal cells. It takes time for the antibodies to be produced so in most cases the baby in the first pregnancy escapes unharmed. But the antibodies,once produced will remain FOREVER in the woman’s blood and will cross into the bloodstream of a Rh+ve baby in any future pregnancy to attack and destroy the blood cells. This can lead to anaemia, jaundice and other serious complications in the foetus while it is still in the womb. This is what is called RHESUS DISEASE.. This problem is bound to get worse with every subsequent Rhesus positive pregnancy
WHO GETS Rh SENSITISATION IN PREGNANCY?
1. As already stated sensitisation will only occur if a Rh-ve woman is carrying a Rh+ve foetus.
2. If the father is Rh+ve and the mother is Rh-ve there is a higher chance that the foetus will be Rh+ve and intrauterine sensitisation can occur
3. If both parents are Rh-ve the baby can only have Rh-ve blood cells and sensitisation will not happen.
The rule of thumb in antenatal care is to treat any Rh-ve woman as if the baby’s blood is Rh+ve, no matter the fathers Rhesus status
DIAGNOSIS
1. Routine blood tests must be carried out at the booking antenatal visit and must include test to determine the woman’s blood group and Rhesus status. Those with Rh-ve blood undergo further investigation to check for antibodies. The presence of antibodies implies that she was already sensitised before the pregnancy
2. For Rh-ve women who are not sensitised the blood test is repeated around 28 weeks of pregnancy. If the test shows no antibodies there is usually no need for another test until after delivery . Fetomaternal haemorrhage can be provoked by such sensitising events like any va**nal bleeding during pregnancy, blow or kick to the abdomen, a fall ,especially when the woman lands with any part of her abdomen, invasive procedures
like amniocentesis, external cephalic version(trying to turn a breech to a head-first position.) In any of these occurrences blood test is carried out to check for the presence of foetal
cells in the mother’s blood
3. For women whose tests confirm sensitisation the pregnancy should be closely monitored with regular blood checks to assess antibody level, regular doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow to the baby’s brain.This can detect anaemia before it becomes very severe
4 Amniocentesis- a special procedure to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid from around the baby to check blood type and other potential complications
PREVENTION OF RHESUS SENSITISATION
You don’t have to deliver a baby to be be sensitised. Possible causes of sensitisation include1. Blood transfusion- sometimes in emergency situations in an attempt to save life women have been given transfusions with compatible but Rhesus positive blood. It may not cause any visible complications for the woman but sensitisation will take place and antibodies produced which will attack the blood cells in any future Rh+ve pregnancy.So to prevent this complication the only blood that should be given in an emergency situation is only O,Rh-ve blood.
2. Foetal blood circulation develops around 12 weeks gestation. So a woman who suffers a miscarriage after 12 weeks or undergoes evacuation could easily become sensitised.So it is the responsibility of the The healthcare personnel to conduct a blood test in such women to confirm the blood group and Rhesus status. Those who are Rh-ve must be given a dose of Anti-D immunoglobulin. This injection destroys the foetal cells in the maternal circulation before antibodies against them are produced. The injection must be given within 72 hours of the miscarriage/evacuation.
3. Sensitisation can occur during therapeutic termination of any pregnancy of 12 weeks gestation or more. It will be grossly irresponsible of any practitioner to embark on such a procedure without prior confirmation of the blood group and Rhesus status and ensure that anti-D is administered to the Rhesus negative woman within 72 hrs and counsel her appropriately for the future. This is one of the reasons women in need of such procedures are strongly advised to seek the services of a qualified Gynaecologist who is more likely to think about such eventualities and fully equipped to deal with them
4. Sensitisation can occur after surgery for an ectopic pregnancy. It is advisable that any Rh-ve woman undergoing surgery for an ectopic must receive Anti-D injection
5. Anti -D must be given during any invasive procedure like amniocentesis
6. Pregnant Rh-ve women should be given prophylactic anti-D injection at 28 weeks gestation to take care of any foetal cells that may have strayed into the maternal circulation. After delivery the baby’s blood should be checked and if it is Rh+ve the anti-D injection is repeated. But if the baby is Rh-ve the woman will not need the injection.
7. A new test ,the ffDNA,is now in use in the uk and many other western countries. It is based on the discovery of placental trophoblastic cells in the maternal circulation early in pregnancy.Using these cells the baby’s DNA can be determined and through that the blood type, and Rhesus factor. The test is usually done around 14-16 weeks gestation..Once the baby’s Rhesus status is determined only mothers carrying Rh+ve babies will require the anti-D injection
TREATMENT
Treatment is determined by the level of anaemia and the severity of the Rhesus disease.
In mild anaemia the woman will just need more testing and the baby may not need any treatment after birth.
In cases of severe anaemia and the foetus too small to be delivered in-utero transfusion may become necessary( transfusion to a baby that is still inside the womb). This helps to maintain the wellbeing of the foetus until it is mature enough to be delivered.In more mature foetuses the baby is delivered by planned Caesarean section. Further blood transfusion and treatment for jaundice is commenced immediately
In very severe cases the baby could die in the womb.
BOTTOMLINE
In the past Rhesus sensitisation was often fatal for the baby. With improved and structured testing early detection and expert management most babies with Rhesus disease survive and do well after birth.
Unfortunately above scenario is only true for the developed countries where experts abound , facilities are widespread and healthcare is free or highly subsidised. The situation is quite different and depressing in our environment. Problems are numerous.Many antenatal clinics still do not conduct the relevant tests to determine blood group and Rhesus status , some do not have facilities to check antibodies. Even when the diagnosis is made some women find the cost of Anti-D quite prohibitive..
More efforts should be directed towards prevention.It is important for every woman to know her blood group and Rhesus status early in adult life. Those who are Rh-ve must endeavour to engage the services of trained specialists for procedures like evacuation and termination.Pregnancy should be planned and should include confirming where Anti -D can be purchased( because it may not always be readily available) and putting money aside for it over and above the delivery charges

14/03/2019

Place your order

30/01/2019

Topic: Urinary Tract Infections In Women ( UTI).



A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary system, comprised of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Generally, majority of UTIs involve the lower urinary tract (bladder and the urethra).

In comparison to men, women are at greater risk of developing a UTI due to the nature of their urinary system. UTIs in women are limited to the bladder and can be painful and annoying. If UTIs spread to the kidneys, it can have serious consequences.

Generally, UTIs are treated with antibiotics. UTIs can be prevented by taking some specific steps.



1. Can present with no symptoms
2. A strong, persistent urge to urinate
3. A burning sensation when urinating
4. Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
5. Urine that appears cloudy
6. Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine
7. Strong-smelling urine
8. Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the p***c bone

• PLEASE NOTE, UTIs may be overlooked or mistaken for other conditions in older adults.

• Kidney Infection ( Type of UTI)

1. Upper back and side (flank) pain
2. High fever
3. Shaking and chills
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting

• Bladder infection ( Type of UTI)

1. Pelvic pressure/ discomfort
2. Blood in urine
3. Frequent urination
4. Abdomen discomfort



1. Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder.

2. Infection of the bladder (cystitis). This type of UTI is usually caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli),

3. However, sometimes other bacteria are responsible. Sexual in*******se may lead to cystitis, but you don't have to be sexually active to develop it.

4. All women are at risk of cystitis because of their anatomy — specifically, the short distance from the urethra to the a**s and the urethral opening to the bladder.

5. Also, because the female urethra is close to the va**na, sexually transmitted infections, such as herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia and mycoplasma, can cause urethritis.



Urinary tract infections are common in women, and many women experience more than one infection during their lifetimes.

1. Female anatomy. A woman has a shorter urethra than a man does, which shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to reach the bladder.

2. Sexual activity. Sexually active women tend to have more UTIs than do women who aren't sexually active.

3. Having a new sexual partner also increases your risk.

4. Certain types of birth control. Women who use diaphragms for birth control may be at higher risk, as well as women who use spermicidal agents.

5. Menopause. After menopause, a decline in circulating estrogen causes changes in the urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to infection.

6. Urinary tract abnormalities. Babies born with urinary tract abnormalities that don't allow urine to leave the body normally or cause urine to back up in the urethra have an increased risk of UTIs.

7. Blockages in the urinary tract. Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can trap urine in the bladder and increase the risk of UTIs.

8. A suppressed immune system. Diabetes and other diseases that impair the immune system — the body's defense against germs — can increase the risk of UTIs.

9. Catheter use. People who can't urinate on their own and use a tube (catheter) to urinate have an increased risk of UTIs. This may include people who are hospitalized, people with neurological problems that make it difficult to control their ability to urinate and people who are paralyzed.

10. A recent urinary procedure. Urinary surgery or an exam of your urinary tract that involves medical instruments can both increase your risk of developing a urinary tract infection.



1. Recurrent infections, especially in women who experience three or more UTIs.

2. Permanent kidney damage due to an untreated UTI.

3. Increased risk in pregnant women of delivering low birth weight or premature infants.

4. Sepsis, a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection, especially if the infection works its way up your urinary tract to your kidneys.

and diagnosis

1. Analyzing a urine sample.
2. Growing urinary tract bacteria in a lab.
3. Creating images of your urinary tract. If you are having frequent infections that your doctor thinks may be caused by an abnormality in your urinary tract,
4. Using a scope to see inside your bladder.



Predominantly Antibiotics

Thank you.

Dr. Chudi Godson

References & Photo Credit

Mayo Clinic.

Cleveland Clinic.

Kaiser Permanente

01/01/2019

Happy new year, may 2019 be blissful

26/12/2018

DIABETES AND PREGNANCY
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)is a serious disease in which the body cannot properly regulate the level of sugar in the blood. It is caused by either the inadequate level of insulin in the blood because the PANCREAS(the organ responsible for the supply of insulin) is not producing enough insulin or the cells in the body are resistant to the effects of the normal level of insulin .
There are 3 main types of diabetes:
1. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS - also known as INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES (IDDM) or JUVENILE-ONSET DIABETES - tends to occur in younger people. It is caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas and can only be treated with insulin which can only be administered as injections.Insulin is responsible for the transfer of glucose from the blood into the cells where it is broken down to release energy. Low level of insulin will lead to a high glucose level in the blood. The onset of type 1 diabetes is usually sudden. The symptoms include increased thirst,frequent urination,increased hunger,marked sudden weight loss despite the increased food consumption.
2. TYPE 2 DIABETES - also known as NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES (NIDDM) or ADULT ONSET DIABETES - because the onset is usually in adulthood. In type 2 diabetes the pancreas produces enough insulin but the cells of the body are resistant to the insulin.This reduces the transfer of glucose from the blood to the cells leading to accumulation of sugar in the blood.The main cause of type 2 diabetes is unhealthy lifestyle with excessive consumption of everything which leads to increased weightuŷyt gain and lack of exercise.The excess fat further compounds the problem by releasing hormones which increase resistance to insulin . The onset of type 2 diabetes is less dramatic and the condition may remain undetected for a considerable period of time. Quite often it is picked up during routine medical examination.
3. GESTATIONAL DIABETES - occurs when a pregnant woman with no past history of diabetes, and no evidence of diabetes at the beginning of the pregnancy, develops high sugar levels in the blood usually after 20 weeks gestation. Gestational diabetes affects between 3 - 20% of pregnant women. In about 90% of cases it disappears after childbirth but the woman remains at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. In about 10% of women the sugar level never reverts to normal after childbirth and that marks the onset of NIDDM.
Most times the woman with gestational diabetes exhibits no symptoms but sometimes the following manifestations - unusual fatigue,excessive thirst, frequent ruination, headache - are noted. But these symptoms can go undetected for a long time as they are very common in pregnancy
RISK FACTORS FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES
The following factors have been found to increase the risk of a woman developing gestational diabetes:
Age 35 or older
Being overweight
Family history of diabetes
Past history of gestational diabetes
Previous birth of a big baby( >4kg)
Belonging to a high risk ethnic group : Afro-Carribean, Hispanic ,Asian.^
Regular use of steroid medication
History of polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS)
SCREENING
1. Any woman intending to become pregnant should undergo a full medical examination to rule out any serious medical ailment like kidney disease, thyroid disease, hypertension & diabetes. Any condition(s) detected must be properly treated/controlled before the woman becomes pregnant. The prescribed treatment (adjusted for pregnancy) must be continued and monitored throughout pregnancy
2. All pregnant women must be screened early for DM.A random blood sugar estimation should be carried out at the booking visit. If it is abnormal an urgent fasting blood sugar check / glucose tolerance test(GTT)should be arranged.
Those with abnormal results should be managed as cases of diabetes in pregnancy
3. Any woman with any of the risk factors, even if the early test is normal, should be subjected to a GTT at 28 weeks gestation when the effect of the placental hormones on the insulin would have become more manifest
MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES IN PREGNANCY
1. Known cases of diabetes (type1&2)who become pregnant must continue with their prescribed treatment with the necessary adjustments for pregnancy made by the healthcare team.
2. When gestational diabetes is diagnosed a personalised meal plan(diet) is developed to control the sugar level
3. Generally a healthy diet with proper portion control and distribution of carbohydrates as well as a healthy lifestyle (stress management,adequate sleep,physical activity) are enough to control gestational diabetes. But if sugar levels remain too high with diet alone oral anti diabetic medication or sometimes insulin injections may be prescribed,
4. Target blood sugar level in pregnant diabetics are: fasting: < 5.3 mol/l; 1 hour after meal: