23/06/2024
What is Cholera?
- Acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria
- Infection occurs through contaminated food, water, or direct contact
What is Vibrio cholerae? A Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that infects the small intestine.
How does it spread?
Through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person's f***s.
What are its key features?
Produces cholera toxin, which causes diarrhea and vomiting; has a short incubation period (1-5 days); and can survive in water for up to 2 weeks.
Why is it important to know about Vibrio cholerae?
Understanding the bacteria helps us understand how cholera spreads and how to prevent it.
Symptoms:
- Diarrhea (often watery and profuse)
- Vomiting
- Dehydration
- Thirst
- Shock (in severe cases)
Transmission:
- Fecal-oral route
- Contaminated food and water
- Poor sanitation and hygiene
Prevention:
- Proper hand washing
- Safe drinking water
- Proper food handling and storage
- Vaccination
Treatment:
- Fluid replacement (oral rehydration therapy or IV fluids)
- Antibiotics (in severe cases)
Complications:
- Dehydration
- Shock
- Kidney failure
- Death (if untreated)
Key Messages:
- Cholera is preventable and treatable
- Proper hygiene and sanitation are essential
- Vaccination is available and effective ( Cholera Vaccination Schedule
Dukoral®
- 2 doses for adults and children over 2 years, with a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of 6 weeks between doses.
- Children aged 2-5 require a third dose.
Shanchol and Euvichol
- 2 doses for adults and children over 1 year, with a minimum of 2 weeks between doses.
- No booster dose is recommended.
Important Notes:
- The vaccination schedule may vary depending on the specific vaccine and the individual's risk factors.
- Cholera vaccines are not recommended for children under 1 year old.
- Vaccination should be done in conjunction with other preventive measures, such as proper hygiene, sanitation, and safe water supply.
In conclusion, cholera remains a significant public health concern in Lagos, Nigeria, with a total of 815 suspected cases and 14 deaths reported as of epidemiological week 17, 2024. These statistics underscore the need for continued awareness, prevention, and control efforts. Let us work together to reduce the incidence of cholera and ensure a healthier community for all.
