02/11/2020
*What is ulcerative colitis?*
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD comprises a group of diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract.
UC occurs when the lining of your large intestine (also called the colon), re**um, or both becomes inflamed.
This inflammation produces tiny sores called ulcers on the lining of your colon. It usually begins in the re**um and spreads upward. It can involve your entire colon.
The inflammation causes your bowel to move its contents rapidly and empty frequently. As cells on the surface of the lining of your bowel die, ulcers form. The ulcers may cause bleeding and discharge of mucus and pus.
While this disease affects people of all ages, most people are diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 35. After age 50, another small increase in diagnosis for this disease is seen, usually in men.
Ulcerative colitis symptoms
The seriousness of UC symptoms varies among affected people. The symptoms can also change over time.
People diagnosed with UC may experience periods of mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. This is called remission. However, symptoms can return and be severe. This is called a flare-up.
*Common symptoms of UC include:*
*Abdominal pain
*Increased abdominal *Sounds
*Bloody stools
*Diarrhea
*Fever
*Re**al pain
*Weight loss
*Malnutrition
*UC may cause additional conditions, such as:*
*Joint pain
*Joint swelling
*Nausea and decreased *Appetite
*Skin problems
*Mouth sores
*Eye inflammation
*Ulcerative colitis causes*
Researchers believe that UC may be the result of an overactive immune system. However, it’s unclear why some immune systems respond by attacking the large intestines and not others.
*Factors that may play a role in who develops UC include:*
Genes. You may inherit a gene from a parent that increases your chance.
Other immune disorders. If you have one type of immune disorder, your chance for developing a second is higher.
Environmental factors. Bacteria, viruses, and antigens may trigger your immune system.
*Ulcerative colitis diagnosis*
Different tests can help your doctor diagnose UC. This disorder mimics other bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease. Your doctor will run multiple tests to rule out other conditions.
*Tests to diagnose UC often include:*
*Stool test. A doctor examines your stool for certain inflammatory markers, blood, bacteria, and parasites.
*Endoscopy. A doctor uses a flexible tube to examine your stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
*Colonoscopy. This diagnostic test involves insertion of a long, flexible tube into your re**um to examine the inside of your colon.
*Biopsy. A surgeon removes a tissue sample from your colon for analysis.
*CT scan. This is a specialized X-ray of your abdomen and pelvis.
Blood tests are often useful in the diagnosis of UC. A complete blood count looks for signs of anemia (low blood count). Other tests indicate inflammation, such as a high level of C-reactive protein and a high sedimentation rate. Your doctor may also order specialized antibody tests.
*Were you recently diagnosed? Here’s what you need to know about treating and living with UC.*
Ulcerative colitis treatments
UC is a chronic condition. The goal of treatment is to reduce the inflammation that causes your symptoms so you can prevent flare-ups and have longer periods of remission.
*Medication*
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