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HealthWise, Esuth teaching hospital parklane, Enugu (2025)

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Esuth Teaching Hospital Parklane

04/02/2025

*World Cancer Day: Together, We Can Make a Difference*

February 4th marks World Cancer Day, a global initiative aimed at raising awareness, promoting education, and inspiring action to combat cancer. This year's theme, "Close the Care Gap," highlights the need to address disparities in cancer care and ensure equal access to quality treatment for all.

*The Reality of Cancer*

Cancer affects millions worldwide, with approximately 19.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2020 alone. The disease claims countless lives, leaving families and communities devastated. However, with advancements in medical research, early detection, and treatment options, there is hope.

*Closing the Care Gap*

The "Close the Care Gap" campaign focuses on bridging the disparities in cancer care, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable populations. These gaps can arise from various factors, including:

- Lack of access to quality healthcare services
- Insufficient cancer awareness and education
- Socioeconomic barriers
- Cultural and linguistic obstacles

*Taking Action*

To make a meaningful impact, we must work together to:

- Raise awareness about cancer, its risk factors, and the importance of early detection
- Support cancer research and development of innovative treatments
- Advocate for policies promoting equal access to quality cancer care
- Encourage individuals to take proactive steps toward cancer prevention and screening

*You Can Make a Difference*

Every action counts, and collective efforts can lead to significant positive change. Here are some ways you can contribute:

- Share informative content on social media using hashtags and
- Participate in fundraising events or donate to reputable cancer organizations
- Volunteer your time to support local cancer initiatives or patient support groups
- Engage in conversations with friends, family, and community members to promote cancer awareness.

18/01/2025

Here are some key things to know about bed bugs:

Biology and Behavior

1. *Feed on human blood*: Bed bugs feed on human blood, typically at night.
2. *Flat, oval-shaped body*: Adult bed bugs have a flat, oval-shaped body, about 4-5 mm long.
3. *Life stages*: Bed bugs go through five stages of development: egg, nymph, and adult.

Signs and Symptoms

1. *Red, itchy bites*: Bed bug bites can cause red, itchy welts on the skin.
2. *Live bugs*: Seeing live bed bugs in the bed or surrounding areas.
3. *Eggs and eggshells*: Finding eggs or eggshells in cracks and crevices.
4. *Sweet, musty odor*: Bed bugs emit a distinctive, unpleasant smell.

Habitat and Infestation

1. *Bed frames, mattresses, and box springs*: Bed bugs often live in bed frames, mattresses, and box springs.
2. *Cracks and crevices*: Bed bugs hide in cracks and crevices, such as behind wallpaper or in electrical outlets.
3. *Used furniture*: Bed bugs can be introduced into a home through used furniture.
4. *Travel*: Bed bugs can also be picked up through travel, hiding in luggage or clothing.

Health Risks

1. *Allergic reactions*: Bed bug bites can cause allergic reactions, including itching, redness, and swelling.
2. *Sleep disturbances*: Bed bugs can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue, anxiety, and other health issues.
3. *Mental health impacts*: Bed bug infestations can cause significant stress, anxiety, and emotional distress.

Prevention and Treatment

1. *Inspect regularly*: Check for signs of bed bugs, including live bugs, eggs, and shed skins.
2. *Use mattress encasements*: Cover mattresses and box springs with bed bug-proof encasements.
3. *Wash and dry bedding*: Regularly wash and dry bedding, including sheets, blankets, and comforters.
4. *Use a steam cleaner*: Steam cleaning can help kill bed bugs and their eggs.
5. *Call a professional*: If you suspect a bed bug infestation, consider hiring a pest management professional

16/11/2024

Taeniasis is a parasitic infection caused by tapeworms of the genus Taenia. There are three main species that infect humans:

1. Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
2. Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
3. Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm)

*Transmission:*

Taeniasis is primarily transmitted through:

1. Consuming undercooked or raw meat (beef, pork, or wild game) contaminated with cysticerci (tapeworm larvae).
2. Fecal-oral contamination (ingesting food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs).

*Symptoms:*

Taeniasis often asymptomatic, but may cause:

1. Abdominal pain
2. Diarrhea or constipation
3. Weight loss
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Fatigue
6. Intestinal obstruction (rare)

*Diagnosis:*

1. Stool examination for tapeworm eggs or segments
2. Serological tests (ELISA, Western blot)
3. Imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound)

*Treatment:*

1. Niclosamide (primary treatment)
2. Praziquantel (alternative)
3. Albendazole (for neurocysticercosis)

*Prevention:*

1. Cook meat thoroughly (to 150°F/65°C)
2. Freeze meat for 24 hours
3. Wash hands before eating
4. Avoid contaminated water and food
5. Proper disposal of human f***s

*Complications:*

1. Intestinal obstruction
2. Neurocysticercosis (brain infection)
3. Eye infections
4. Organ damage (liver, lungs)

*Epidemiology:*

Taeniasis is found worldwide, with high prevalence in:

1. Latin America
2. Africa
3. Asia
4. Eastern Europe

12/10/2024

Managing and preventing viral gastroenteritis requires a combination of self-care, good hygiene, and lifestyle changes:

*Managing Symptoms:*

1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids (oral rehydration solutions, clear broths, electrolyte-rich beverages).
2. Rest: Get plenty of rest to help your body recover.
3. Bland diet: Eat bland foods (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) to ease digestion.
4. Anti-diarrheal medication: Use medications like loperamide (Imodium) if advised by a healthcare professional.
5. Monitor electrolytes: Check for signs of electrolyte imbalance (muscle weakness, dizziness).

*Prevention Strategies:*

1. Hand hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
2. Food safety: Handle and cook food properly.
3. Avoid close contact: Stay away from infected individuals.
4. Clean surfaces: Regularly disinfect contaminated surfaces.
5. Vaccination: Get vaccinated against rotavirus (especially for children).

*Lifestyle Changes:*

1. Practice good hygiene.
2. Avoid sharing food/drinks.
3. Avoid close contact with people who have viral gastroenteritis.
4. Stay home from work/school if infected.
5. Avoid traveling if experiencing symptoms.

*High-Risk Groups:*

1. Young children.
2. Older adults.
3. People with weakened immune systems.
4. Pregnant women.

*When to Seek Medical Attention:*

1. Severe vomiting/diarrhea.
2. Blood in stool/vomit.
3. Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C).
4. Signs of dehydration.
5. Persistent symptoms.

*Additional Resources:*

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2. World Health Organization (WHO)
3. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

12/10/2024

Viral gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, is an intestinal infection caused by viruses.

*Causes:*

1. Norovirus (most common)
2. Rotavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Astrovirus
5. Sapovirus

*Symptoms:*

1. Diarrhea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal cramps
4. Fever
5. Headache
6. Fatigue
7. Nausea

*Transmission:*

1. Person-to-person contact
2. Contaminated food/water
3. Poor hygiene

*Complications:*

1. Dehydration
2. Electrolyte imbalance
3. Kidney damage (rare)

*Treatment:*

1. Fluid replacement (oral rehydration therapy)
2. Rest
3. Anti-diarrheal medication (if necessary)
4. Hospitalization (severe cases)

*Prevention:*

1. Frequent handwashing
2. Proper food handling/cooking
3. Avoid close contact with infected individuals
4. Vaccination (rotavirus)

*Duration:*

1. Symptoms typically last 1-3 days
2. Full recovery usually within 7-10 days

*High-Risk Groups:*

1. Young children
2. Older adults
3. People with weakened immune systems
4. Pregnant women

*When to Seek Medical Attention:*

1. Severe vomiting/diarrhea
2. Blood in stool/vomit
3. Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C)
4. Signs of dehydration
5. Persistent symptoms

27/09/2024

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Here's an overview:

*Transmission:*

1. Contact with infected cat f***s (e.g., changing litter)
2. Consuming undercooked meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison)
3. Contaminated water or soil
4. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy
5. Organ transplantation or blood transfusion

*Symptoms:*

Most people show no symptoms, but those with weakened immune systems may experience:

1. Flu-like symptoms (fever, headache, fatigue)
2. Swollen lymph nodes
3. Muscle pain
4. Joint pain
5. Neurological symptoms (seizures, confusion)

*Complications:*

1. Congenital toxoplasmosis (birth defects or miscarriage)
2. Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
3. Pneumonitis (lung inflammation)
4. Myocarditis (heart inflammation)
5. Retinochoroiditis (eye inflammation)

*Diagnosis:*

1. Blood tests (antibody detection)
2. Imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound)
3. Tissue sampling (biopsy)

*Treatment:*

1. Antiparasitic medications (spiramycin, pyrimethamine)
2. Supportive care (rest, hydration)
3. Corticosteroids (for severe cases)

*Prevention:*

1. Practice good hygiene (handwashing, cleaning surfaces)
2. Cook meat thoroughly (at least 165°F/74°C)
3. Avoid raw or undercooked meat
4. Wear gloves when gardening or handling soil
5. Keep cats indoors and change litter frequently

*High-Risk Groups:*

1. Pregnant women
2. Immunocompromised individuals (HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant)
3. Newborns and young children

*Interesting Facts:*

1. Toxoplasmosis is found in approximately 30% of humans worldwide.
2. Cats are the primary hosts, but other animals can carry the parasite.
3. Toxoplasmosis has been linked to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

15/09/2024

Shigellosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Shigella genus, typically affecting the digestive system.

What is Shigellosis?_

Shigellosis is an intestinal infection caused by Shigella bacteria, leading to diarrhoea, fever, and abdominal pain.

_Transmission:_

1. _Fecal-oral route_: Contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person.
2. _Contaminated surfaces_: Touching surfaces contaminated with Shigella bacteria.

_Symptoms:_

1. _Diarrhea_ (often bloody)
2. _Fever_
3. _Abdominal pain_
4. _Nausea and vomiting_
5. _Blood in stool_

_Complications:_

1. _Dehydration_
2. _Electrolyte imbalance_
3. _Bacteremia_ (bacteria in the bloodstream)
4. _Hemolytic uremic syndrome_ (rare)

_Treatment:_

1. _Fluid replacement_: Oral rehydration or IV fluids.
2. _Antibiotics_: If necessary, to shorten the duration of symptoms.
3. _Rest_: Adequate rest to recover.

_Prevention:_

1. _Proper hygiene_: Wash hands frequently.
2. _Safe food handling_: Avoid cross-contamination.
3. _Clean water_: Ensure access to clean drinking water.
4. Avoid close contact: With infected individuals.

If you suspect you have Shigellosis, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

30/08/2024

Samonellosis, also known as Salmonella infection, is a type of food poisoning caused by the Salmonella bacteria. Here are some key points about Salmonellosis:

*Causes:*

- Contaminated food and water
- Raw or undercooked eggs, meat, poultry, and dairy products
- Unhygienic food handling and preparation
- Contact with infected animals or their environments

*Symptoms:*

- Diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Chills

*Complications:*

- Dehydration
- Bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream)
- Meningitis (in rare cases)
- Reactive arthritis (in rare cases)

*Treatment:*

- Fluid replacement (drinking plenty of fluids)
- Antibiotics (in severe cases or for high-risk individuals)
- Rest and hydration

*Prevention:*

- Handle food safely
- Cook food thoroughly
- Avoid raw or undercooked eggs, meat, and dairy
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoid cross-contamination

*High-risk groups:*

- Older adults
- Young children
- Pregnant women
- Immunocompromised individuals

If you suspect you have Salmonellosis, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

22/08/2024

*What is Listeria?*

- Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterium found in soil, water, and contaminated food.
- It can cause severe illness in humans, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.

*Symptoms of Listeriosis:*

- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Confusion
- Weakness
- Seizures (in severe cases)
- Gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

*Foodborne Transmission:*

- Contaminated foods:
- Soft cheeses (e.g., feta, brie, camembert)
- Hot dogs
- Deli meats
- Raw sprouts
- Unpasteurized dairy products
- Food handling and preparation:
- Cross-contamination
- Inadequate cooking or reheating

*Prevention:*

- Handle and store food safely
- Cook food thoroughly
- Avoid high-risk foods (especially for vulnerable populations)
- Practice good hygiene

*Treatment:*

- Antibiotics (usually ampicillin or penicillin)
- Supportive care for severe cases

*Complications:*

- Meningitis
- Sepsis
- Encephalitis
- Miscarriage or stillbirth (in pregnant women)

*Outbreaks:*

- Listeriosis outbreaks often linked to contaminated food products
- Recent outbreaks include:
- 2020: Hard-boiled eggs (US)
- 2019: Deli meats (US)
- 2018: Romaine lettuce (US)

It's essential to take listeriosis seriously, especially if you're in a high-risk group. Always prioritize food safety and seek medical attention.

13/08/2024

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Here's a comprehensive overview:

*Transmission:*

- Fecal-oral route: through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person's f***s
- Contaminated food: raw or undercooked shellfish, fruits, vegetables, and unpeeled raw fruits
- Waterborne: contaminated wells, springs, or recreational water
- Person-to-person: close contact with an infected person, especially in poor hygiene settings

*Symptoms:*

- Fatigue
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Dark urine
- Pale stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)

*Incubation period:* 15-50 days (average 28-30 days)

*Duration of illness:* 2-6 months

*Complications:*

- Fulminant hepatitis (rare, life-threatening)
- Relapsing hepatitis
- Cholestasis (bile flow obstruction)
- Liver failure

*Diagnosis:*

- Blood tests: IgM anti-HAV (acute infection) and IgG anti-HAV (past infection or immunity)
- Liver function tests (LFTs)

*Treatment:*

- Supportive care: rest, hydration, and nutrition
- Antiviral medications (in some cases)
- Hospitalization (severe cases)

*Prevention:*

- Vaccination: HepA vaccine (2 doses, 6-12 months apart)
- Good hygiene: handwashing, proper food handling, and sanitation
- Avoid contaminated food and water

*Vaccine:*

- Available for individuals 1 year and older
- Boosters not required
- Protective efficacy: 95-100%

*Epidemiology:*

- Worldwide distribution
- Highest prevalence in developing countries
- Outbreaks often linked to contaminated food or water

*Special populations:*

- Children: more susceptible due to poor hygiene and immunocompromised status
- Travelers: increased risk when visiting endemic areas
- Food handlers: risk of transmission to others

*Surveillance and reporting:*

- Report cases to local health authorities
- Monitor outbreaks and transmission patterns

31/07/2024

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria commonly found in the environment, food, and human intestines. While most E. coli strains are harmless, some can cause:

_Infections:_

1. _Urinary tract infections_ (UTIs)
2. _Diarrhea_ (traveler's diarrhea, food poisoning)
3. _Pneumonia_
4. _Meningitis_
5. _Sepsis_

_Symptoms:_

1. _Fever_
2. _Abdominal cramps_
3. _Diarrhea_ (possibly bloody)
4. _Vomiting_
5. _Urinary frequency_ or _burning_
6. _Cough_

_Transmission:_

1. _Contaminated food_ (undercooked meat, raw vegetables)
2. _Unpasteurized dairy products_
3. _Water_ (contaminated wells, lakes, or rivers)
4. _Person-to-person_ contact (poor hygiene)
5. _Animal contact_ (farm animals, pets)

_Complications:_

1. _Hemolytic uremic syndrome_ (HUS)
2. _Kidney failure_
3. _Anemia_
4. _Sepsis_
5. _Respiratory failure_

_Diagnosis:_

1. _Urinalysis_
2. _Stool tests_
3. _Blood tests_
4. _Imaging studies_ (if necessary)

_Treatment:_

1. _Fluid replacement_
2. _Antibiotics_ (if necessary)
3. _Symptomatic relief_

_Prevention:_

1. _Proper hand hygiene_
2. _Safe food handling_
3. _Avoid unpasteurized dairy products_
4. _Avoid contaminated water_
5. _Cook meat thoroughly_

Early detection and treatment can help manage E. coli infections and prevent complications.

HealthWise

04/02/2025

18/01/2025

16/11/2024

12/10/2024

12/10/2024

27/09/2024

15/09/2024

30/08/2024

22/08/2024

13/08/2024

31/07/2024

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