Centre for biomedical research technology and development

10/07/2025

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Our Journals are peer-reviewed, dedicated and focused. We are confident that your research would be a valuable contribution to our upcoming issue.
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10/07/2025

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09/07/2025

ISSUES IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Biomedical research, while constantly pushing the boundaries of medical science and improving human health, faces a multitude of challenges. These issues can broadly be categorized as follows:
I. Funding and Resources:
* Shortage of Funding: A persistent and significant challenge is the lack of adequate funding and research resources to meet national health priorities. Competition for grants is fierce, and resources are often limited.
* Uncertainty and Fluctuations in Funding: Biomedical research, particularly basic science, requires long-term, stable, and predictable funding. However, budgets often fluctuate, making long-term planning difficult for research institutions and individual labs. This can lead to rescinded offers for PhD cohorts and concerns about the future of the biomedical research workforce.
* Indirect Costs: Recent decisions by major funding bodies (like the NIH in the US) to cut funding for indirect costs (which cover institutional resources like lab upkeep, equipment, and administration) have caused significant outcry and concern about the financial viability of research institutions.
* Politicization of Funding: Funding decisions can be politicized, with pressures to divert funds from certain research areas or to scale back funding for controversial topics.
II. Reproducibility and Rigor:
* Reproducibility Crisis: A major concern in biomedical research is the "reproducibility crisis," where a significant portion of published research findings cannot be replicated by other scientists. This undermines trust in scientific findings and hinders progress.
* Causes of Irreproducibility: Several factors contribute to this crisis, including:
* "Publish or Perish" Culture: The immense pressure on researchers to publish frequently in prestigious journals to secure career prospects can lead to rushed studies, questionable methodologies, and a focus on novel findings over rigorous validation.
* Poorly Planned Studies: Lack of rigorous experimental design and statistical analysis can lead to irreproducible results.
* Fraud: While rare, instances of research misconduct like fabrication (making up results) and falsification (manipulating data) contribute to the problem.
* Low-Quality Peer Review: Inadequate peer review can allow flawed studies to be published.
* Lack of Incentives for Replication: Institutions often prioritize new research over replication studies, and funding for replication is scarce.
* Inaccurate/Inadequate Statistical Data: The lack of accurate and well-organized data from patients, medical centers, and hospitals, especially in developing countries, can hinder researchers' ability to obtain valid data for studies.
III. Ethical Considerations and Governance:
* Informed Consent and Confidentiality: Ensuring truly informed consent from participants and maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive data are ongoing ethical challenges, especially with the increasing use of large datasets and AI.
* Equity and Inclusion: Ensuring that research is conducted equitably and inclusively, addressing disparities in healthcare, is crucial.
* Emerging Technologies: New advancements like artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, human genetics, reproductive technologies, and nanotechnology raise novel ethical dilemmas concerning data privacy, algorithmic bias, potential misuse of data, and the societal implications of these technologies.
* Conflict of Interest: The expanding interface between biomedical research and the commercial world raises concerns about conflicts of interest that could compromise patient safety or research integrity.
* Animal Experimentation: Ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals in research remain a continuous point of discussion and regulation.
* International Trials: The shift of medical experiments to countries with less rigorous bureaucracy and lower costs raises ethical concerns about patient protection and exploitation.
* Research Misconduct: Beyond irreproducibility, deliberate deviations from ethical norms, such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, remain serious issues.
IV. Translational Gap (Bench-to-Bedside):
* Bridging the Gap: A significant challenge is the "translational gap" or "bench-to-bedside" problem, which refers to the difficulty in translating basic scientific discoveries into effective clinical applications and treatments for patients. Many promising findings in the lab fail to make it to clinical implementation.
* Complexity of Disease: Understanding complex diseases at a fundamental level and then translating that understanding into clinical solutions is inherently challenging.
* Communication Barriers: A divide often exists between basic scientists and clinicians, hindering effective collaboration and the flow of knowledge.
* Regulatory and Administrative Processes: The complex and often restrictive administrative and regulatory processes for bringing new therapies to market can slow down translation.
V. Workforce and Talent:
* Shortage of Skilled Researchers: There is a recognized shortage of skilled and experienced researchers in the biomedical field.
* Retention of Talent: Factors like uncertain funding, intense competition, and the "publish or perish" culture can make it difficult to attract and retain talented individuals in biomedical research.
* Lack of Mentorship: Medical students and early-career researchers often report a lack of time and inadequate mentorship as barriers to conducting research.
* Cultural and Institutional Barriers: A significant divide can exist between clinical practice and research activities, with clinicians often overburdened by patient care, leaving little time for research.
Addressing these interconnected issues is vital for the continued progress and impact of biomedical research on global health.

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21/06/2025

30/05/2025

THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH
"The new public health" refers to the evolving landscape of public health practice, policies, and challenges. It's a dynamic field that continually adapts to new scientific understandings, societal shifts, and emerging threats.
Here's a breakdown of what "the new public health" often encompasses:
Key Characteristics and Focus Areas:
* Holistic Approach: Moving beyond just disease treatment to address the broader determinants of health, including social, economic, and environmental factors (e.g., housing, education, income, access to healthy food, pollution). This is often referred to as "Health in All Policies."
* Preventative Focus: Emphasizing proactive measures to prevent illness and promote well-being, rather than solely reacting to outbreaks or existing health problems. This includes health promotion campaigns, vaccinations, and policy interventions (e.g., to***co taxes, fluoridated water).
* Health Equity: A strong focus on reducing disparities in health outcomes across different populations, addressing issues related to race, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic location.
* Data-Driven Decision Making: Utilizing robust data collection, analysis, and research to inform public health strategies and interventions.
* Community Engagement: Recognizing the vital role of community participation and partnerships in developing and implementing effective public health programs.
* Global Health Security: Addressing infectious disease threats and other health challenges that transcend national borders, requiring international collaboration and coordinated responses.
* Climate Change and Environmental Health: Recognizing the profound impact of climate change and environmental pollution on public health, and developing strategies to mitigate these risks.
* Mental Health Integration: Increasingly incorporating mental health into broader public health initiatives, acknowledging its critical role in overall well-being.
* Technological Advancements: Leveraging new technologies, such as digital health tools, telemedicine, and advanced surveillance systems, to improve public health outcomes.
Recent Trends and Challenges:
* Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): A growing burden of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, often linked to lifestyle factors.
* Emerging Infectious Diseases: The ongoing threat of new pathogens and the need for robust pandemic preparedness and response systems.
* Aging Populations: The health implications of an increasingly older global population, including increased demand for long-term care and management of age-related conditions.
* Misinformation and Disinformation: The challenge of combating false or misleading health information, particularly in the digital age.
* Health System Resilience: Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and workforce to withstand crises and ensure equitable access to care.
* Resource Constraints: Public health systems often face funding limitations, requiring innovative approaches and efficient resource allocation.
In essence, "the new public health" is about creating a more resilient, equitable, and proactive approach to improving the health and well-being of populations worldwide.

24/05/2025

19/05/2025

18/05/2025

PATHWAY TO AN EFFECTIVE HEALTHCARE SERVICES DELIVERY SYSTEM IN NIGERIA

Achieving effective healthcare service delivery in Nigeria is a multifaceted challenge requiring systemic reforms and sustained commitment from all stakeholders. The current healthcare landscape is plagued by issues such as inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, shortage of skilled personnel, lack of access especially in rural areas, high out-of-pocket expenditure, and inadequate health insurance coverage. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive and strategic approach.
Here's a pathway towards achieving effective healthcare service delivery in Nigeria:
1. Strengthening Primary Healthcare (PHC):
* Reinvigorate PHC Centers: Equip PHC facilities with necessary infrastructure, essential drugs, and diagnostic tools. Ensure they are adequately staffed with well-trained and motivated healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and community health workers.
* Increase Funding for PHC: Allocate a significant portion of the health budget to primary healthcare, as it forms the foundation of the healthcare system and is the first point of contact for most Nigerians. Explore innovative financing mechanisms to ensure sustainable funding.
* Enhance Accessibility: Expand the network of PHC centers, particularly in underserved rural communities, to reduce geographical barriers to healthcare access. Utilize mobile health clinics and outreach programs to reach remote populations.
* Implement the Ward Minimum Health Care Package: Ensure the consistent provision of the defined minimum healthcare package at all PHC centers, covering child survival interventions, safe motherhood, disease control, health education, and community participation.
2. Expanding Health Insurance Coverage:
* Scale up the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS): Expand the coverage of the NHIS to include a larger proportion of the population, beyond just federal government employees. Explore mandatory health insurance schemes for all citizens, with subsidies for the vulnerable.
* Engage State Governments: Encourage and support state governments in establishing and strengthening their health insurance agencies to achieve universal health coverage at the sub-national level.
* Implement the National Health Act Provisions: Fully implement the National Health Act, including the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF), to provide a sustainable funding stream for primary healthcare and essential services for vulnerable populations.
* Reduce Out-of-Pocket Expenditure: The high reliance on out-of-pocket payments creates a significant barrier to accessing healthcare. Expanding health insurance coverage is crucial to reduce this burden and ensure financial protection for individuals and families.
3. Addressing Human Resource Challenges:
* Increase the Number of Healthcare Professionals: Invest in training more doctors, nurses, midwives, and other healthcare professionals to meet the growing demand. Expand the capacity of medical and nursing schools and establish new training institutions.
* Improve Distribution of Healthcare Workers: Implement strategies to attract and retain healthcare workers in rural and underserved areas. This may include financial incentives, improved working conditions, and opportunities for professional development.
* Address Brain Drain: Implement policies to improve the working environment, compensation, and career prospects of healthcare professionals to reduce the emigration of skilled personnel ("Japa syndrome").
* Enhance Motivation and Welfare: Ensure regular and adequate remuneration, provide opportunities for continuous professional development, and improve the overall working conditions of healthcare workers to boost morale and productivity.
4. Improving Healthcare Infrastructure and Equipment:
* Invest in Infrastructure Development: Upgrade existing healthcare facilities at all levels and build new ones where needed. Ensure access to essential utilities such as water, electricity, and sanitation.
* Provide Adequate Medical Equipment and Supplies: Equip healthcare facilities with modern and functional medical equipment, and ensure a consistent supply of essential drugs and consumables.
* Establish Efficient Procurement and Supply Chain Systems: Implement transparent and efficient systems for the procurement and distribution of medical supplies to prevent shortages and wastage.
5. Leveraging Technology and Innovation:
* Implement Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Adopt and scale up the use of EHRs to improve data management, enhance communication between healthcare providers, and facilitate better patient care.
* Utilize Telemedicine: Deploy telemedicine solutions to improve access to specialist care in remote areas and enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
* Strengthen Health Information Systems (HIS): Invest in robust HIS to improve data collection, analysis, and utilization for evidence-based decision-making and policy formulation.
* Explore the Use of Medical Drones: Consider the use of medical drones for the delivery of essential medical supplies and samples, particularly in hard-to-reach areas.
6. Strengthening Governance and Regulation:
* Enhance Policy Implementation: Ensure effective implementation of national health policies and strategies at all levels of government.
* Improve Regulatory Frameworks: Strengthen regulatory bodies to ensure quality standards, patient safety, and effective monitoring of healthcare service delivery.
* Promote Transparency and Accountability: Enhance transparency in the management of healthcare resources and promote accountability at all levels of the health system.
* Foster Public-Private Partnerships: Explore strategic partnerships with the private sector to leverage their resources and expertise in improving healthcare delivery.
7. Enhancing Community Participation and Health Literacy:
* Engage Communities: Involve communities in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of healthcare services to ensure they are culturally appropriate and meet local needs.
* Promote Health Education: Implement public health campaigns to raise awareness about health issues, promote healthy behaviors, and improve health literacy among the population.
* Strengthen Collaboration with Informal Healthcare Providers: Explore ways to collaborate with traditional healers and other informal healthcare providers to improve access and build trust within communities.
8. Addressing Social Determinants of Health:
* Inter-sectoral Collaboration: Recognize that health is influenced by various social, economic, and environmental factors. Foster collaboration across sectors such as education, agriculture, water and sanitation, and social welfare to address these determinants.
* Poverty Reduction and Economic Empowerment: Implement policies and programs aimed at reducing poverty and empowering communities economically, as poverty is a major barrier to accessing healthcare.
Achieving effective healthcare service delivery in Nigeria is a long-term endeavor that requires sustained political will, adequate resource allocation, and the active participation of all stakeholders. By focusing on strengthening primary healthcare, expanding health insurance, addressing human resource challenges, improving infrastructure, leveraging technology, strengthening governance, enhancing community participation, and addressing the social determinants of health, Nigeria can make significant strides towards ensuring quality and accessible healthcare for all its citizens.