De'Chasta Eye Clinic

18/09/2025

🔹 How to Interpret Corneal Topography
1. Look at the Color Scale (Curvature Map)
Warm colors (red/orange): Steeper areas of the cornea.
Cool colors (blue/green): Flatter areas of the cornea.
👉 A normal cornea shows a smooth, symmetric “bow-tie” pattern (with-the-rule astigmatism).
2. Check the Axial Map (Most Commonly Used)
Symmetric bow-tie = normal astigmatism.
Irregular/asymmetric bow-tie = irregular astigmatism, suspect keratoconus or ectasia.
Central steepening = keratoconus.
Peripheral steepening = pellucid marginal degeneration.
3. Evaluate Keratometry Values (K1 & K2)
Normal cornea: 40–48 D.
K > 47 D: Suggestive of keratoconus/ectasia.
High difference (>3 D) between K1 & K2: Significant astigmatism.
4. Look at the Elevation Map
Shows cornea compared to a “best fit sphere.”
Red/orange elevation areas: High risk of ectasia.
Useful for keratoconus screening.
5. Check Pachymetry Map (Thickness)
Central cornea normally ~540 µm.
Thin cornea (

21/07/2025

👀👁️

15/07/2025

12/07/2025

CHOOSING THE RIGHT EYEGLASS FOR YOUR FACE SHAPE

Your glasses should do more than improve your vision — they should enhance your natural features and fit your face shape perfectly!

🪞 1. Oval Face
✔️ Balanced and versatile
✅ Almost any frame works — try bold shapes like square, rectangle, or cat-eye
🔹 Avoid overly large frames that cover your features

🪞 2. Round Face
✔️ Soft curves, equal width and height
✅ Go for angular frames like square or rectangular to add definition
🔹 Avoid round or small frames — they make the face look rounder

🪞 3. Square Face
✔️ Strong jawline and broad forehead
✅ Choose round or oval frames to soften sharp angles
🔹 Avoid boxy or geometric frames

🪞 4. Heart-Shaped Face
✔️ Wide forehead, narrow chin
✅ Try light-colored, thin or rimless frames
✅ Cat-eye and rounded bottom frames balance the look
🔹 Avoid heavy top frames that draw attention to the forehead

🪞 5. Diamond Face
✔️ Narrow forehead and jawline with high cheekbones
✅ Choose oval or cat-eye frames to highlight eyes and soften cheekbones
🔹 Avoid narrow or boxy frames

🧑‍⚕️ Bonus Tips:
🔹 Make sure your frames sit comfortably on the bridge of your nose
🔹 Match frame color to your skin tone, eye color, or personal style
🔹 Always consider your prescription lens thickness

💬 A good frame brings confidence — and the right advice brings clarity!

📲 Follow Vision Scientist for more eye care, styling, and optical tips!

12/07/2025

Something strange and shocking is happening to our planet. Scientists have discovered that Earth has started rotating faster, and as a result, our days are getting shorter. Yes, you read that right, time is literally slipping away.

For decades, the Earth’s rotation has been slowing down ever so slightly, causing longer days. But in a surprising twist, recent measurements show that Earth is now spinning quicker than it did before. In fact, it even broke the record for the shortest day ever recorded.

Experts believe this sudden change could be caused by several factors, like shifts in the planet’s molten core, climate-related changes in ocean levels, or even powerful earthquakes. Some scientists think the melting of polar ice and changes in atmospheric pressure might also be playing a role.

Even though we are only losing fractions of a second each day, this change is enough to impact technologies that rely on precise timekeeping, such as GPS systems, satellites, and global communications. If Earth continues to speed up, we may even have to adjust our clocks with a negative leap second, which has never happened before in history.

This is not just a geeky science fact. It could affect everything from smartphones to space missions. The speed of Earth’s rotation influences our weather, tides, and even how long we sleep at night.

So yes, time is literally flying faster than ever before. And while we might not feel it, the impact could touch every part of our daily life in the near future.

Earth is picking up speed and the countdown has already begun.

11/07/2025

Hi, all you need
now is just a silent wisdom,whispers of truth,echoes of peace, heartfelt words,spoken kindness,genuine hug &rest

04/07/2025

😅🤓🤔

11/06/2025

🌟 Protect Your Sight – Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency! 👁️🥕

Did you know that Vitamin A Deficiency is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in children?

Symptoms like dry eyes, poor night vision, and Bitot’s spots are early warnings ⚠️ — but with the right care, it’s 100% preventable!

11/06/2025

🔬 Traction in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

🧬 Molecular mechanisms & PVR classification

📸 Source: Retina Image Bank
👁 Author: Malvika Singh
🏥 Co-author: Dr. Manish Nagpal, Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad, India

Case insights:
Fundus photograph of a 44 year old with uncontrolled diabetes showing fibrovascular proliferation and traction with details of disc and macula obscured with sclerosed vessels in the periphery.

In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), chronic retinal ischemia induces upregulation of VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β, driving neovascularization and fibrocellular membrane formation. Myofibroblasts—transdifferentiated glial and RPE cells—contract these membranes via actin-myosin interaction, generating vitreoretinal traction and risking retinal detachment.

📚 PVR (Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy) is classified by location and severity:

• Grade A: Vitreous haze, pigment cells
• Grade B: Surface wrinkling, rolled edges
• Grade C: Full-thickness retinal folds
– C1–C3: focal to extensive
– Anterior vs. Posterior location
– Subretinal, Epiretinal, Intraretinal traction

Early detection of fibrovascular proliferation is key to preventing tractional retinal detachment.

29/05/2025

EXUDATIVE RETINOPATHY OF COATS (Retinal Telangiectasia)
Coats disease is a rare, idiopathic retinal vascular disorder characterized by abnormal development of retinal blood vessels (telangiectasia), leading to leakage of lipids and proteins into the retina and subretinal space. This condition most commonly affects young males and is usually unilateral.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
1.Idiopathic condition (exact cause unknown).
2.Characterized by retinal telangiectasia—dilated, tortuous vessels.
3.Leads to exudation, hemorrhage, and exudative retinal detachment.
4.Blood-retinal barrier breakdown causes lipid-rich subretinal fluid accumulation.

CLINICAL FEATURES:
1.Typically presents in childhood (age 6–8 years) but can appear later.
2.Unilateral in >90% of cases.
3.Progressive vision loss.

SIGNS :
1.Retinal telangiectasia
2.Subretinal and intraretinal exudation (often yellow or white)
3.Exudative retinal detachment
4.Possible vitreous hemorrhage
5.Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) in advanced cases

STAGES OF COATS DISEASE (Shields Classification):
1. Stage 1: Retinal telangiectasia only
2. Stage 2: Telangiectasia with exudation
3. Stage 3: Exudative retinal detachment (subtotal or total)
4. Stage 4: Total detachment with secondary glaucoma
5. Stage 5: Advanced end-stage disease (phthisis bulbi)

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
1.Retinoblastoma (important due to similar presentation with leukocoria)
2.Retinal capillary hemangioma (von Hippel–Lindau)
3.Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)
4.Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV)

DIAGNOSIS:
1.Fundus examination: reveals abnormal vessels and exudation
2.Fluorescein angiography (FA): shows telangiectasia and leakage
3.OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): reveals intraretinal or subretinal fluid
4.Ultrasound B-scan: used in cases with media opacity or total retinal detachment.

MANAGEMENT:
Depends on stage and severity:
1.Early stages (1–2):
★Laser photocoagulation of abnormal vessels
★Cryotherapy if laser is not feasible
2.Advanced stages (3–4):
★Scleral buckle or vitrectomy in selected cases
★Enucleation if painful blind eye (stage 5)
3.Anti-VEGF therapy (e.g., bevacizumab): sometimes used adjunctively

PROGNOSIS:
1.Better outcomes with early detection and treatment.
2.Advanced stages may lead to irreversible vision loss or globe loss.
3.Requires long-term follow-up due to recurrence risk.

27/05/2025

❇️ Horner Syndrome = Disruption of sympathetic innervation to the face and eye.

🔹 Classic Triad (Mnemonic: "PAM is H***y")
✔️ P – Ptosis (mild upper eyelid droop – ↓ superior tarsal muscle)
✔️ A – Anhidrosis (↓ sweating on affected side)
✔️ M – Miosis (constricted pupil – unopposed parasympathetic tone)

🔹 Anatomy: Sympathetic Pathway (3-Neuron Chain)
1st-order (Central): Hypothalamus → Spinal cord (C8–T2, ciliospinal center of Budge)

2nd-order (Preganglionic): Exit spinal cord → Travel over apex of lung → Synapse in superior cervical ganglion

3rd-order (Postganglionic): Travel along internal carotid artery → Eye & face

🔹 Causes by Lesion Location
🔸 Central (1st-order)
Brainstem stroke, spinal cord trauma, syringomyelia

🔸 Preganglionic (2nd-order)
Pancoast tumor, thyroid surgery, neck trauma

🔸 Postganglionic (3rd-order)
Carotid artery dissection, cavernous sinus pathology, cluster headache

🔹 Associated Findings
✔️ Anhidrosis affects entire face in central/preganglionic lesions
✔️ No anhidrosis in postganglionic lesions (sweat fibers travel with external carotid)
✔️ Ipsilateral facial flushing may be seen
✔️ Dilated pupil fails to dilate in darkness (sympathetic failure)

🔹 Diagnosis
✔️ Clinical (look for PAM triad)
✔️ Pharmacologic testing:

Co***ne test (fails to dilate pupil)

Apraclonidine test (denervation hypersensitivity → reverses miosis)
✔️ MRI or CT to localize lesion

Dr Austa