29/11/2022
ONCOLOGY
Cancer also called a neoplasm or tumor, is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate or multiply in uncontrolled way and, in some cases metastasize or spread to other body parts. Cancer affects every age. However, most cancers occur in people over 65 years of age. Overall, men experience a higher incidence of cancer than do women.
Cancer may be transmitted by a number of routes. These routes include:
* Local invasion, spread to surrounding tissue
* Lymphatic spread, via the lymphatic system. More common
* Hematological spread, through the bloodstream.
* During surgery, thus via transplantation or implantation.
* Kissing mode, in which you have a direct contact with the cancer itself.
The actual cause of cancer is idiopathic. However, things that are known to increase the risk of cancer include the following: to***co use (smoking), viruses such as cytomegalovirus, age above 60 years, radiations, lack of physical activities, obesity, environmental pollution, hormonal agents, hereditary and etc....These predisposing factors can directly damage genes or combine with existing genetic faults within cells to cause the disease.
Normally, during cell division, cells undergo mitosis during which the cell divide into 2 identical daughter cells. However, in cancer due to poorly understood mechanism of changes, cells divide abnormally and rapidly. Instead of a normal cell growth process where cells grow, divide and die off when they become older or damaged, cells with certain mutation behave abnormally. Rather than dying off when they should, they keep multiplying. The excessive growth can then form masses known as tumors which can either be benign or malignant.
