27/10/2025
He returned from war, but the war never left him.
Each night, his body remembered — heart pounding, sweat dripping, muscles tensed — long after his mind had tried to forget. He could not explain why sudden noises made him dive for cover, or why gentle touches made him flinch. His family saw anger; what they did not see was terror.
Dr. Bessel van der Kolk’s The Body Keeps the Score begins with people like him — not only soldiers, but children, victims of abuse, survivors of accidents and neglect — all bearing invisible wounds. His decades of clinical and neuroscientific research reveal a simple, haunting truth: trauma is not only stored in the mind, but in the body itself. Healing, therefore, must engage both.
Here are five profound lessons from this life-changing work.
1. Trauma Is a Memory the Body Can’t Forget
Trauma is not an event — it is the imprint left by an event on the mind, brain, and body.
Dr. van der Kolk discovered that traumatic experiences rewire the brain’s alarm system, keeping the survivor in a state of constant readiness. The amygdala becomes overactive, the prefrontal cortex underfunctions, and the body remains locked in survival mode.
This means trauma is not remembered as a story but re-experienced as a sensation — tightness in the chest, tension in the muscles, a sudden wave of panic without clear reason. From a clinical lens, this explains why insight alone does not heal trauma. The body must learn that the danger has passed.
The body, in essence, becomes the text through which trauma writes its story — and healing requires learning to read it again.
2. Safety Is the Beginning of Every Recovery
Before trauma survivors can process memories or emotions, they must first feel safe.
Van der Kolk emphasizes that healing begins not with retelling the trauma but with re-establishing the sense of safety — physical, emotional, relational. Without this, therapy risks re-traumatization.
In neuropsychological terms, safety allows the brain to shift from survival to regulation. Once the nervous system calms, the higher brain functions responsible for reflection, connection, and learning can come online.
Therapeutically, this aligns with polyvagal theory: safety cues — calm tone, predictable environments, empathic presence — help regulate the vagus nerve, reducing hyperarousal. In trauma healing, safety is not a step. It is the soil.
3. The Mind and Body Must Heal Together
One of van der Kolk’s groundbreaking insights is that trauma cannot be healed through talk therapy alone. Because trauma lives in the body, recovery must include somatic approaches — movement, breath, rhythm, touch.
Modalities such as yoga, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), and neurofeedback allow the body to release trapped stress energy and reconnect to the present.
This resonates deeply with trauma-informed play therapy and expressive interventions you use at Balm, Philip — healing through embodied experience rather than analysis.
When survivors learn to inhabit their bodies again — to notice sensations without fear — they reclaim their aliveness. The body ceases to be an enemy and becomes an ally in recovery.
4. Connection Heals What Isolation Wounds
Trauma isolates. It teaches the nervous system that others are dangerous and that vulnerability equals threat. Van der Kolk found that trauma recovery requires relationship. The human brain is wired for attunement — we regulate, grow, and heal through connection.
Group therapy, community, and supportive relationships reintroduce the possibility of trust. Through compassionate mirroring, survivors experience what van der Kolk calls “relational repair” — the re-learning that safety and belonging are possible.
This principle aligns with attachment theory and the therapeutic alliance — the relationship itself becomes the medicine. Healing, in the end, is not about erasing pain but rejoining the human circle of connection and meaning.
5. Healing Is Not About Forgetting — It’s About Integration
Van der Kolk insists that recovery is not the erasure of memory but the integration of experience. The goal is to move from fragmentation — where the past hijacks the present — to coherence, where the past is acknowledged but no longer rules.
In therapy, integration happens when body, emotion, and narrative begin to align. The person can finally say, “Yes, this happened to me. But it’s not happening now.”
This shift from survival to awareness restores dignity and agency. The trauma no longer defines identity; it becomes part of a larger, redemptive story.
Integration, then, is the art of re-owning your life — of transforming pain into power, and chaos into meaning.
The Body Keeps the Score is a landmark of modern psychology because it dignifies both the science and the soul of healing. It shows that trauma is neither weakness nor pathology but the mind’s attempt to protect itself from the unbearable.
Dr. van der Kolk teaches us that the body remembers until it feels safe enough to release, that the brain can rewire even decades later, and that love — expressed through presence, rhythm, and attunement — is the most advanced therapy ever devised.
To heal, we must come home — not only to our stories, but to our bodies.
For only when the body feels the truth of safety can the mind finally rest.
Book: https://amzn.to/4qLd5ht