D-Hospitals Kaduna

25/05/2022

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24/05/2022

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS

23/05/2022

PREPARED BY APOLLOS S. LEKWOET

23/05/2022

Causes of high cholesterol level

Cholesterol is carried through your blood, attached to proteins. This combination of proteins and cholesterol is called a lipoprotein. There are different types of cholesterol, based on what the lipoprotein carries. They are:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL, the "bad" cholesterol, transports cholesterol particles throughout your body. LDL cholesterol builds up in the walls of your arteries, making them hard and narrow.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL, the "good" cholesterol, picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to your liver.

A lipid profile also typically measures triglycerides, a type of fat in the blood. Having a high triglyceride level also can increase your risk of heart disease.

Factors you can control — such as inactivity, obesity and an unhealthy diet — contribute to harmful cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Factors beyond your control might play a role, too. For example, your genetic makeup might make it more difficult for your body to remove LDL cholesterol from your blood or break it down in the liver.

Medical conditions that can cause unhealthy cholesterol levels include:

Chronic kidney disease

Diabetes

HIV/AIDS

Hypothyroidism

Lupus

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Apollos S Lekwoet.

23/05/2022

LOW S***M COUNT/INFERTILITY

Semen analysis

A low s***m count is diagnosed as part of a semen analysis test. S***m count is generally determined by examining semen under a microscope to see how many s***m appear within squares on a grid pattern. In some cases, a computer might be used to measure s***m count.

Semen samples can be obtained in a couple of different ways. You can provide a sample by ma********ng and ej*******ng into a special container at the doctor's office. Because of religious or cultural beliefs, some men prefer an alternative method of semen collection. In such cases, semen can be collected by using a special condom during in*******se.

New s***m are produced continually in the testicles and take about 42 to 76 days to mature. So, a current semen analysis reflects your environment over the past three months. Any positive changes you've made won't show up for several months.

One of the most common causes of low s***m count is incomplete or improper collection of a s***m sample. S***m counts also often fluctuate. Because of these factors, most doctors will check two or more semen samples over time to ensure consistency between samples.

To ensure accuracy in a collection, your doctor will:

Ask you to make sure all of your semen makes it into the collection cup or collection condom when you ej*****te

Have you abstain from ej*******ng for two to seven days before collecting a sample

Collect a second sample at least two weeks after the first

Have you avoid the use of lubricants because these products can affect s***m motility

Apollos S Lekwoet(MED LAB)

23/05/2022

Understanding hormonal imbalance

Hormones are your body’s chemical messengers.

Produced in the endocrine glands, these powerful chemicals travel around your bloodstream, telling tissues and organs what to do. They help control many of your body’s major processes, including metabolism and reproduction.

When you have a hormonal imbalance, you have too much or too little of a certain hormone. Even tiny changes can have serious effects throughout your whole body.

Think of hormones like a cake recipe. Too much or too little of any one ingredient affects the final product.

Some hormone levels fluctuate throughout your lifetime and may just be the result of natural aging. But other changes occur when your endocrine glands get the recipe wrong.

Read on to learn more about hormonal imbalances and how they might be affecting your health.

Signs and symptoms of a hormonal imbalance

Your hormones play an integral role in your overall health. As a result, there’s a broad range of signs and symptoms that could signal a hormonal imbalance. Your signs or symptoms will depend on which hormones or glands are not working properly.

Common hormonal conditions affecting people of all genders could cause any of the following signs or symptoms:

weight gain

hump of fat between the shoulders

unexplained and sometimes sudden weight loss

fatigue

muscle weakness

muscle aches, tenderness, and stiffness

pain, stiffness, or swelling in your joints

increased or decreased heart rate

sweating

increased sensitivity to cold or heat

constipation or more frequent bowel movements

frequent urination

increased thirst

increased hunger

decreased s*x drive

depression

nervousness, anxiety, or irritability

blurred vision

infertility

thinning hair or fine, brittle hair

dry skin

puffy face

rounded face

purple or pink stretch marks

Keep in mind that these symptoms are nonspecific. Having one or a few of them doesn’t necessarily mean that you have a hormonal imbalance.

Apollos!

23/05/2022

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