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Nurse's network, Lagos (2026)

06/02/2026

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER

Acute stress disorder (ASD) involves acute stress reactions that develop within 1 month of exposure to a traumatic event.

WHO ARE SUFFERING FROM THIS DISORDER??
If you have the symptoms below 👇 then you’re a victim
✅Intrusion symptoms
1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the event
2. ⁠Recurrent distressing dreams of the event
3. ⁠Dissociative reactions (eg, flashbacks in which patients feel as if the traumatic event is recurring)
4. ⁠Intense psychological or physiologic distress when reminded of the event (eg, by entering a similar location, by sounds similar to those heard during the event)

✅Negative mood
1. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (eg, happiness, satisfaction, loving feelings)

✅Dissociative symptoms
1. An altered sense of reality (eg, feeling in a daze, time slowing, altered perceptions)
2. ⁠Inability to remember an important part of the traumatic event

✅Avoidance symptoms
1. Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the event
2. ⁠Efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) associated with the event

✅Arousal symptoms
1. Sleep disturbance
2. ⁠Irritability or angry outbursts
3. ⁠Hypervigilance
4. ⁠Difficulty concentrating
5. ⁠Exaggerated startle response

In addition, these symptoms must cause significant distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning. They should not be attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance-related or another medical disorder.

WHAT ARE THE WAY FORWARD?
☑️Self-care
Self-care is crucial during and after a crisis or trauma. Self-care can be divided into 3 components:
1. Personal safety
2. ⁠Physical health and practical support
3. ⁠Mindfulness
☑️psychotherapy
☑️pharmacotherapy: visit a psychiatrist

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$WHAT YOU SHOULD NEVER MISS IN FRACTURE MANAGEMENT AS A HEALTH PRACTITIONER 👇We all know that fracture is discomfort in b...$

05/02/2026

WHAT YOU SHOULD NEVER MISS IN FRACTURE MANAGEMENT AS A HEALTH PRACTITIONER 👇
We all know that fracture is discomfort in bone plus or minus it’s sorrounding structures
Fractures that disrupt arterial supply and/or result in compartment syndrome threaten limb viability and may ultimately threaten life.

WHAT SHOULD I DO??
✅Check for ligament, tendon, and muscle injuries as well as fractures; the presence of a fracture may limit or delay this evaluation.
✅Examine the joints above and below the injured area.
✅Consider referred pain, particularly if physical findings are normal in a joint that patients identify as painful (eg, knee pain in patients with a hip fracture).
✅For many distal extremity injuries (eg, some injuries in toes 2 through 5, some ankle sprains), radiographs are not necessary to check for fractures because the presence of a fracture would not change treatment.
✅Consider MRI (sometimes CT) when radiographs are normal but a fracture is strongly suspected clinically (eg, in an older adult who has hip pain and cannot walk after a fall and initial radiographs are normal).
✅Immediately treat serious associated injuries, splint unstable fractures, and, as soon as possible, treat pain and reduce certain angulated or displaced fractures.
✅Immobilize unstable fractures immediately; use a cast or splint to immobilize all fractures that require reduction as soon as they are reduced.
✅Treat fractures with PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation).
✅Provide patients with explicit, written instructions about cast care.
✅When treating older patients, usually choose the method that results in the earliest mobilization.

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04/02/2026

SNAKE BITES 🐍
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW 🧏‍♂️

Common venomous snakes include rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths (all pit vipers), but rattlesnakes account for most bites and almost all deaths.
SYMPTOMS
Pit viper envenomation can cause local effects eg,
1. pain
2. ⁠progressive swelling, (ecchymosis)
3. ⁠systemic effects (eg, vomiting, diaphoresis, confusion, bleeding, fever, chest pain, dyspnea, paresthesias, hypotension).

Features that can help differentiate pit vipers from nonvenomous snakes include an
1. elliptical pupil
2. ⁠a triangular head
3. ⁠retractable fangs
4. ⁠heat-sensing pits between the eyes and nose
5. ⁠and a single row of subcaudal plates extending from the a**l plate on the underside of the tail.

WHAT SHOULD I DO????
In the field,
✅remove the patient out of striking distance from the snake
✅arrange rapid transport
✅wrap a bitten limb loosely,
✅immobilize it in a position at about heart level,
✅and remove constricting devices such as rings and watches;
✅do not incise bite wounds or apply tourniquets.

✅Monitor patients with pit viper bites serially for at least 8 hours,
✅longer if any findings suggest envenomation.
✅Treat wounds and symptoms,
✅and consult a poison center.
✅Give antivenom early.

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03/02/2026

EAR IRRIGATION

1. Use irrigation for loose small objects such as sand or dirt but not for objects that can become swollen when wet (eg, seed).
2. Pain on irrigation is a sign of ear ca**l laceration or tympanic membrane perforation and should prompt immediate cessation of the irrigation procedure.

Fill the syringe with (warmed) body-temperature water and attach the irrigation catheter.
Hold a kidney (emesis) basin under the ear to catch the water.
Inject a stream of water into the superior aspect of the external ca**l behind the foreign object using moderate pressure.
Inject enough water to flush the object out of the ear; try starting with 30 to 60 mL.

3. If pre-procedure hearing was assessed, repeat the examination to ensure no loss of hearing has occurred as a result of the procedure.
4. If there is any injury to the ca**l or tympanic membrane, have the patient keep the ear dry until they are reassessed (ear precautions are needed for 1 week in the case of a perforated tympanic membrane); consider prescribing ciprofloxacin/corticosteroid suspension drops for 3 to 5 days.
For atraumatic foreign body removal, no follow-up or special aftercare is needed.

NB: THIS SHOULD BE DONE BY A LICENSED PERSONAL

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02/02/2026

INFERTILITY!!! WHAT A PLAQUE
LETS TALK ABOUT IT 👇

If you and your partner are struggling to have a baby, you're not alone. Millions of people around the world face the same challenge. Infertility is the medical term for when you can't get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected s*x for at least a year for most couples.

BUT MAKA WHY NA🙆‍♂️🤔??
It may happen because of a health issue with either you or your partner, or a mix of factors that prevent pregnancy.
Infertility is caused by one or more factors, with the following approximate prevalences (2, 3):

1. S***m disorders (24 to 35%)
2. ⁠Ovulatory dysfunction (21 to 25%)
3. ⁠Diminished ovarian reserve (increases with age)
4. ⁠Endometriosis (6 to 40%)
5. ⁠Tubal infertility (11 to 67%)
6. ⁠Uterine or other pelvic abnormalities (≥ 2%) (4)
7. ⁠Abnormal cervical mucus (3%)
8. ⁠Unexplained infertility (15 to 28%)
HOW BAD IS THIS INFERTILITY?
Inability to conceive often leads to feelings of anxiety, sadness, frustration, anger, guilt, resentment, and inadequacy.

But many safe and effective treatments can boost your chances of getting pregnant.

WHAT DO I DO NOW??? 🤔😩
Contact a fertility specialist closest you for better solution to this plaque

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31/01/2026

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31/01/2026

If 100 naira recharge card is not too little for you drop your phone number below 👇
First 10 people

29/01/2026

ABOUT GENOTYPE 🤔😩👇
THEM: please help us we don’t know what to do they said we cannot marry😭😭
ME: but why?
THEM: Because our genotype is not compatible
ME: okay 👌 let me put you through something
DO YOU KNOW WHAT GENOTYPE MEANS?
Genotype can be simply defined as the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
This is different from your phenotype which is a description of your actual physical characteristics.
It is imperative to know your genotype before you say “yes” to that handsome guy or to that beautiful lady whom you wish to spend the rest of your life with or if you are in a relationship in which there are chances of conception.

The problem to avoid with genotype compatibility for intending couples is the SICKLE CELL DISEASE (A RECESSIVE DISORDER)--a very serious medical condition with high prevalence rates in Africa. (We will talk about it sometime)
ARE THERE TYPES OF GENOTYPE?
Types of Genotype
The genotypes in humans are AA, AS, AC, SS.
They refer to the hemoglobin gene constituents on the red blood cells. AC is rare whereas SS, AS and AC are abnormal.

NOW LETS TALK ABOUT THE COMPATIBILITY CHART 👇
Genotype Compatibility Chart
Study this carefully and comparing with the picture attached to the post👇👇👇
AA + AA = AA, AA, AA, AA (Excellent)
AA + AS = AA, AS, AA, AS, (Good)
AA + SS = AS, AS, AS, AS, (Fair)
AA + AC = AA, AA, AA, AC. (Good)
AS + AS = AA, AS, AS, SS, (Very Bad)
AS + SS = AS, SS, SS, SS, (Very Bad)
AS + AC = AA, AC, AS,SS. (Bad; Advice needed)
SS + SS = SS, SS, SS, SS, (Very Bad)
AC + SS = AS, AS, SS, SS, (Very Bad)
AC + AC = AA, AC, AC, SS. ( Bad; Advice needed)
THEM: what do you mean 😢???
ME:Compatible genotypes for marriage are:
✅✅If AA marries an AA. That’s the best compatible. That way you save your future children the worry about SCD and genotype compatibility, in fact even your pockets too😎
‼️If AA marries an AS. You’ll end up with kids with AA and AS which is good. But sometimes if you’re not lucky all the kids will be AS which limits their choice of partner, sha your pocket no go suffer
❌AS and AS should not marry, there is every chance of having a child with SS which means you and hospital will be friends and your pockets too will testify plus the pains you’re disposing your child into🤔
❌AS and SS shouldn’t think of marrying
❌And definitely, SS and SS MUST NOT MARRY 😡 since there’s absolutely no chance of escaping having a child with the sickle cell disease.
THEM: so what is your advice??😩🤔😭
ME: The only thing that can change the genotype is the bone marrow transplant (BMT). It has been proven to be the only promising permanent cure to SS, SC, and CC; HOWEVER, it is new, very expensive and cannot be done in any part of Africa. It also carries some risks. SO MY CONCLUSIVE ADVICE IS IF YOU CAN’T AFFORD AND YOU BOTH KNOW YOU ARE NOT COMPATIBLE, AVOID GOING INTO MARRIAGE OR CONCEPTION PROCESS!!!!!! Although God still perform miracles 😊

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28/01/2026

🤔WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT TYPHOID FEVER?🤔

Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a systemic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi).

SYMPTOMS
Symptoms are
1. high fever,
2. ⁠prostration,
3. ⁠abdominal pain, and
4. ⁠a rose-colored rash
5. ⁠headache,
6. ⁠arthralgia,
7. ⁠anorexia,
8. ⁠abdominal pain and tenderness);
9. ⁠later in the disease, some patients develop severe, sometimes bloody diarrhea and/or a characteristic rash (rose spots).

Bacteremia occasionally causes focal infections eg,
✅pneumonia,
✅osteomyelitis,
✅endocarditis
✅meningitis
✅soft-tissue abscesses, glomerulitis).

A chronic carrier state develops in about 3% of untreated patients; they harbor organisms in their gallbladder and shed them in stool for > 1 year.

HOW DO I CONFIRM??😩😩
Diagnose using blood and stool cultures; because drug resistance is common, susceptibility testing is essential.

TREATMENT
🔉Treat with sensitive antibiotics
🔉corticosteroids may be given to decrease severe symptoms.
Give carriers a prolonged course of antibiotics
🔉sometimes cholecystectomy is necessary.

WHAT IS MY TAKE 🏠HOME 🏠 ?
NB: Avoid blind antibiotic treatments as it may cause ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Patients must be reported to the local health care providers once any sympton is noted

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27/01/2026

MY VÀGINA IS ALWAYS ITCHY AND THERE IS THICK WHITE DISCHARGE
Here’s what happens below 👇

Candidal vaginitis is vaginal infection with Candida species, usually C. albicans.
CAUSES AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Risk factors for candidal vaginitis include the following:
1. Diabetes
2. ⁠Use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic (Shey na anything you Dey use antibiotics) or corticosteroids
3. ⁠Pregnancy
4. ⁠Constrictive nonporous undergarments (tight underwear)
5. ⁠Immunocompromise

NB:Candidal vaginitis is uncommon among women who are postmenopausal, except among those taking systemic menopausal hormone therapy.

SYMPTOMS
Symptoms are usually
1. thick, white vaginal discharge
2. ⁠vulvovaginal pruritus that is often moderate to severe.
3. ⁠burning, or irritation (which may be worse during in*******se) and dyspareunia are common

HOW DO I CONFIRM IT?
Diagnosis is with
1. pelvic examination
2. ⁠vaginal pH, and
3. ⁠wet mount.

HMMMM 🤔 HOW CAN I TREAT IT?
Treatment is with
1. oral or topical antifungal medications eg fluconazole
2. ⁠Keeping the v***a dry and wearing loose, absorbent cotton clothing that allows air to circulate can reduce v***ar moisture and fungal growth.

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26/01/2026

😱😱WHY ARE PEOPLE SUDDENLY LOOSING THEIR SIGHT/VISION???

It is 👉

GLAUCOMA

Glaucomas are a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve damage in which an important part is a relative increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) that can lead to irreversible loss of vision.

SYMPTOMS
The defining characteristic of glaucoma are
✅ optic nerve damage as evidenced by an abnormal optic disk
✅certain types of visual field deficits that localize to the portion of the optic nerve
✅Intraocular pressure (IOP) may be elevated or within the average range

DIAGNOSIS
Glaucoma should be suspected in a patient with any of the following:

✅Abnormal optic nerve on ophthalmoscopy
✅Elevated IOP
✅Characteristic visual field defects that localize to the optic nerve
✅Family history of glaucoma

TREATMENT
✅Decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) by using medications or laser or incisional surgery
✅Patients with characteristic optic nerve and corresponding visual field changes are treated regardless of IOP measurement.
✅Lowering the IOP is the only clinically proven treatment.
✅For chronic adult and juvenile glaucomas, the initial target IOP measurement is at least 20 to 40% below pretreatment readings.

NB:Three methods are available to lower IOP:
1. medications
2. ⁠laser surgery, and
3. ⁠incisional surgery.
The type of glaucoma determines the appropriate method or methods.

Medications and most laser surgeries (trabeculoplasty) modify the existing aqueous secretion and drainage system.

PREVENTION
Regular eye check up

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25/01/2026

THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT APPENDICITIS

Appendicitis is acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix, typically resulting in
1. Right lower abdominal pain
2. ⁠anorexia
3. ⁠abdominal tenderness.
4. ⁠low grade fever etc

WHAT HAPPEN IN APPENDICITIS?
Appendicitis is thought to result from obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, typically by lymphoid hyperplasia but occasionally by a fecalith, foreign body, tumor, or even worms.
The obstruction leads to distention, bacterial overgrowth, ischemia, and inflammation.
If untreated, necrosis, gangrene, and perforation occur.
If the perforation is contained by the omentum, an appendiceal abscess results.

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is clinical, often supplemented by
✅CT
✅ultrasound.

TREATMENT
Treatment is
1. surgical removal of the appendix and
2. ⁠ antibiotic treatment

THINGS NOT TO FORGET

🔉Without surgery or antibiotics, the mortality rate for appendicitis is high.

🔉With early surgery, the mortality rate is < 1% in high-resource areas, and convalescence is normally rapid and complete.

🔉With complications (rupture and development of an abscess or peritonitis) and/or advanced age, the prognosis is worse.

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