Doctor Onye-na-onye

Doctor Onye-na-onye Dr.onye-na-onye
A MEDICAL PRACTITIONER, HEALTH ANALYST, HELPING PEOPLE TO LIVE LONG AND MANAGE THEIR LIFE.
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03/02/2025

Health benefits of black pepper πŸ«‘

Health Topics β†’ Prostate Cancer;What is prostate cancer?Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of contr...
01/12/2024

Health Topics β†’ Prostate Cancer;

What is prostate cancer?
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Prostate cancer begins in the cells of the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts of the body, it may not cause serious problems. But sometimes prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. This kind of prostate cancer is serious.

What causes prostate cancer?
Researchers don't know for sure what causes prostate cancer. They do know that it happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA).

Sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. There are also certain genetic changes that happen during your lifetime that can raise your risk of prostate cancer. But often the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.

Who is more likely to develop prostate cancer?
Anyone who has a prostate can develop prostate cancer. But certain factors can make you more likely to develop it:

Age. Your chance of developing prostate cancer increases as you get older. Prostate cancer is rare in people under age 50.
Family health history. Your risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a parent, sibling, or child who has or has had prostate cancer.
Race. African Americans are more likely to get prostate cancer. They're also more likely to:
Get prostate cancer at a younger age.
Have more serious prostate cancer.
Die from prostate cancer.
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer doesn't always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include:

Problems urinating (peeing), such as:
A urine stream that's weak, hard to start, or starts and stops
Suddenly needing to urinate right away
Urinating often, especially at night
Pain or burning when urinating
Blood in your urine or semen
Pain in your lower back, hips, or pelvis that does not go away
Painful ej*******on (the release of semen through the p***s during or**sm)
But many of these symptoms may be from other common prostate problems that aren't cancer, such as an enlarged prostate.

You should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:

Have symptoms that could be prostate cancer
Have a high risk for developing prostate cancer
Had a screening test that suggests you could have prostate cancer
What are prostate tests and how is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Tests which check for prostate cancer include:

A digital re**al exam (DRE). In this exam, your provider feels your prostate for lumps or anything unusual by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into your re**um.
A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. A high PSA blood level may be a sign of prostate cancer. But many other things can cause high PSA levels, too.
Imaging tests. These tests may use ultrasound or MRI to make pictures of your prostate.
If these tests show that you might have prostate cancer, the next step is usually a prostate biopsy. A biopsy is the only way to diagnose prostate cancer.

During a biopsy, a doctor uses a hollow needle to remove some prostate tissue. The tissue is studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

What are the treatments for prostate cancer?
Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, and how serious the cancer is. Your treatment may include one or more options:

Observation,which is mostly used if you are older, your prostate cancer isn't likely to grow quickly, and you don't have symptoms or you have other medical conditions. Your doctor will keep checking on your cancer over time so to see whether you will need to start treatment for the cancer. There are two types of observation:
Watchful waiting means having little or no testing. If symptoms begin or change, you will get treatment to relieve them, but not to treat the cancer.
Active surveillance means having regular tests to see if your prostate cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow or if you develop symptoms, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.
Surgery to remove your prostate gland may be an option if your cancer hasn't spread outside of your prostate.
Radiation therapy uses high energy to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.
Hormone therapy blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow. It may include taking medicines or having surgery to remove the testicles.
Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells, slow their growth, or stop them from spreading. You might take the drugs by mouth, as an injection (shot), as a cream, or intravenously (by IV).
Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells. This treatment causes less harm to healthy cells than radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
Immunotherapy helps your own immune system to fight cancer.
Can prostate cancer be prevented?
Making healthy lifestyle changes may help to prevent some prostate cancers. These changes include:

Being at a healthy weight
Quitting smoking
Getting enough exercise
Eating healthy foods

TOPIC:-CONGENITAL HEART BLOCK;  Congenital heart block (CHB) is a rare condition in which the electrical signals that co...
29/11/2024

TOPIC:-CONGENITAL HEART BLOCK;

Congenital heart block (CHB) is a rare condition in which the electrical signals that control the heartbeat are slowed or completely blocked as they travel from the upper chambers (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This disruption in electrical conduction leads to an abnormally slow heart rate (bradycardia).

Types of Congenital Heart Block

CHB is typically classified based on its underlying cause:

1. Isolated CHB (Immune-mediated):

Occurs when maternal antibodies, specifically anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB, cross the placenta and damage the fetal heart tissue, particularly the conduction system.

Commonly associated with autoimmune diseases in the mother, such as lupus or SjΓΆgren’s syndrome.

2. Structural CHB (Non-immune):

Associated with congenital structural abnormalities of the heart, such as atrioventricular (AV) septal defects or other congenital heart defects.

May also result from genetic mutations or developmental issues during fetal heart formation.

Degrees of Heart Block

Congenital heart block can be classified into three degrees based on the severity of the conduction delay:

First-degree: Electrical signals are delayed but not blocked. Often asymptomatic.

Second-degree: Some electrical signals are blocked, leading to irregular heart rhythms.

Third-degree (complete heart block): All signals are blocked, resulting in a complete disconnect between atrial and ventricular contractions. This can be life-threatening.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the severity and degree of the block and may include:

Slow heart rate in the fetus or newborn

Fatigue or poor feeding in infants

Cyanosis (bluish skin tone)

Dizziness or fainting (syncope)

Heart failure in severe cases

Diagnosis

Prenatal Diagnosis: CHB can often be detected via fetal echocardiography or Doppler ultrasound.

Postnatal Diagnosis: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to confirm the block and its degree.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity:

Mild cases (e.g., first-degree block): May only require monitoring.

Severe cases (e.g., complete block): A pacemaker may be needed to regulate the heart's rhythm.

Fetal Therapy: In some cases, maternal corticosteroids or other medications may be used to reduce inflammation or manage heart failure in the fetus.

Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improving outcomes in congenital heart block.

23/11/2024

8 sign's you have cancer in your body

Health Topics β†’ Leukemia    What is leukemia?Leukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood...
22/11/2024

Health Topics β†’ Leukemia

What is leukemia?
Leukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:

White blood cells help your body fight infection
Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs
Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding
When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.

What are the types of leukemia?
There are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.

The type of blood cell could be:

Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell
Myeloid cells, immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets
The different types can grow quickly or slowly:

Acute leukemia is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.
Chronic leukemia is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.
The main types of leukemia are:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is more common in older adults but can also affect children
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age
What causes leukemia?
Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.

Who is at risk for leukemia?
For the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.

What are the symptoms of leukemia?
Some of the symptoms of leukemia may include:

Feeling tired
Fever or night sweats
Easy bruising or bleeding
Weight loss or loss of appetite
Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.
Other leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.

How is leukemia diagnosed?
Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:

A physical exam
A medical history
Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC)
Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.
Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes
Once the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

What are the treatments for leukemia?
The treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:

Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant
Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells .

Health Topics β†’ AnemiaAlso called: Iron poor bloodIf you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the res...
19/11/2024

Health Topics β†’ Anemia
Also called: Iron poor blood
If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Anemia has three main causes: blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction.

Conditions that may lead to anemia include:

Heavy periods
Pregnancy
Ulcers
Colon polyps or colon cancer
Inherited disorders
A diet that does not have enough iron, folic acid or vitamin B12
Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, or cancer
Aplastic anemia, a condition that can be inherited or acquired
G6PD deficiency, a metabolic disorder
Anemia can make you feel tired, cold, dizzy, and irritable. You may be short of breath or have a headache.

Your doctor will diagnose anemia with a physical exam and blood tests. Treatment depends on the kind of anemia you have.

HEALTH Topics β†’ TUBERCULOSIS Also called: TBWhat is Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lu...
16/11/2024

HEALTH Topics β†’ TUBERCULOSIS
Also called: TB

What is Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.

Not everyone infected with TB bacteria (germs) becomes sick. So, there are two types of TB conditions:

Inactive (latent) TB infection, where the TB germs live in your body but don't make you sick.
TB disease (active TB) where you get sick from the TB germs. TB disease can almost always be cured with antibiotics. But if it's not treated properly, it can be fatal.
TB is found in the U.S., but it is more common in certain other countries.

What causes tuberculosis (TB)?
TB is caused by bacteria (germs) called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The germs spread from person to person through the air. People who have TB disease in their throat or lungs spread the germs in the air when they cough, sneeze, talk, or sing. If you breathe in the air that has the germs, you can get TB.

TB is not spread by touching, kissing, or sharing food or dishes.

You're more likely to catch TB from people you live or work with than from people you see for shorter amounts of time.

Who is more likely to get infected with tuberculosis (TB) germs?
Anyone who is near a person with TB disease can get infected with the germs. You are more likely to be near someone with TB disease if you:

Were born in or often travel to countries where TB disease is common
Are a health care worker
Work or live in a place where TB is more common, such as shelters for people without homes, jails, and nursing homes
Who is more likely to develop TB disease?
Certain people are more likely to get sick with TB disease after they get infected. They include people who:

Have HIV
Became infected with TB in the last 2 years
Have other diseases, such as diabetes, that make it hard for your body to fight TB germs
Have alcohol use disorder (AUD) or inject illegal drugs
Were not treated correctly for TB in the past
Are under age 5
Are an older adult
Take medicines that weaken the immune system, such as medicines taken after an organ transplant, steroids, and specialized treatments for certain autoimmune diseases
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?
Most people who have TB germs in their bodies don't get sick with TB disease. Instead, they have inactive TB infection. With an inactive TB infection, you:

Don't have symptoms
Can't spread TB to others
Could get sick with active TB disease in the future if your immune system becomes weak for another reason
Need to take medicine to prevent getting sick with active TB disease in the future
If you have TB disease, the TB germs are active, meaning that they are growing (multiplying) inside your body and making you sick. If the TB is growing in your lungs or throat, you can spread the TB germs to other people. You can get sick with TB disease weeks to years after you're infected with TB germs.

With TB disease, your symptoms will depend on where the TB is growing in your body:

General symptoms may include:
Chills and fever
Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)
Losing weight without trying
Loss of appetite
Weakness or fatigue
Symptoms from TB disease in your lungs may include:
A cough that lasts longer than 3 weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum (a thick mucus from the lungs)
Chest pain
How is tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed?
Your health care provider or your local health department can test you to find out if you have TB germs in your body. They will give you either a TB skin or blood test.

If your test shows that you have TB germs, you'll need to have other tests to see if the germs are actively growing:

Tests for TB disease in the lungs usually include testing samples of your sputum and having chest x-rays.
Tests for TB disease in other parts of your body may include tests of urine and tissue samples.
You may need a TB test if you have symptoms of TB disease or if you are at high risk because you are more likely to be near someone with TB disease.

People who have HIV also need to get tested for TB. HIV weakens your immune system. So if you have both HIV and inactive TB, the TB can quickly become active TB disease. You will need treatment for the inactive TB as soon as possible to prevent active TB disease.

What is the treatment for tuberculosis (TB)?
The treatment for both inactive TB infection and TB disease is antibiotics. To make sure you get rid of all the TB germs in your body, it's very important to follow the directions for taking your medicine.

If you don't follow the directions, the TB germs in your body could change and become antibiotic resistant. That means the medicine may stop working and your TB may become hard to cure.

For inactive TB infections, you need to take medicines for three, four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment helps make sure you don't get TB disease in the future.
For active TB disease, you usually need to take medicines for four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment will almost always cure you if you take your pills the right way.
For TB disease in your lungs or throat, you'll need to stay home for a few weeks, so you don't spread disease to other people. You can protect the people you live with by:
Covering your nose and mouth.
Opening windows when possible.
Not getting too close to them.
For drug-resistant TB disease, which means that the TB germs are resistant to certain TB medicines, you will need to take special medicines. Treatment may take a long time, sometimes months or years. The medicines can cause side effects. Your provider will closely monitor your treatment to make sure the medicines are working.
By following medical advice for TB testing and treatment, you can keep yourself healthy and help stop the spread of TB.

FROM DOCTOR ONYE-NA-ONYE.

PNEUMONIA AND IT EFFECT CLICK AT THE COMMENT SECTION TO SEE THE DETAILS.
15/11/2024

PNEUMONIA AND IT EFFECT CLICK AT THE COMMENT SECTION TO SEE THE DETAILS.

12/11/2024

What can a man do to live longer

06/11/2024

(Hepatitis) infection, disease and their symptoms Vol 19

05/11/2024

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