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28/11/2025

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

AKI = a sudden drop in kidney function.
The kidneys cannot filter waste, balance fluids, or control electrolytes properly.
This happens over hours to days and is a medical emergency.

When the kidneys slow down, waste builds up, fluid accumulates, and electrolytes like potassium become dangerous.
If not treated quickly, AKI can lead to organ failure.
• ↓ GFR → ↓ urine output → waste accumulation → electrolyte imbalance → acidosis
• Hyperkalaemia is most dangerous (risk of cardiac arrest)

Risk Factors:
• Elderly
• Critically ill patients
• Dehydration
• Sepsis
• Nephrotoxic drugs

Laboratory Clues:
• ↑ Serum creatinine & BUN
• ↑ K⁺, ↓ Na⁺
• FeNa >2% (intrarenal)
• Urinalysis: muddy brown casts, tubular epithelial cells. Oliguria + rising creatinine + hyperkalaemia → act fast!

Types of AKI

AKI has three main causes:

1. Prerenal AKI (Most common)

Problem: Poor blood flow to the kidneys
• Dehydration
• Bleeding
• Sepsis
• Heart failure
• Low blood pressure
Kidneys are normal, but not receiving enough blood.

2. Intrarenal AKI

Problem: Damage inside the kidney
• Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
• Nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides)
• Contrast dye
• Glomerulonephritis
• Infection
Kidney tissues are injured.

3. Postrenal AKI

Problem: Obstruction in the urinary system
• Enlarged prostate
• Kidney stones
• Tumours
• Blocked catheters
Urine cannot drain → pressure backs up into the kidneys.

Why Urine Output Drops in AKI

Urine drops because:
• Blood flow is reduced (prerenal)
• The kidney tubules are damaged (intrarenal)
• Urine is blocked from leaving (postrenal)

When kidneys cannot filter blood properly:
→ Less urine is produced
→ Waste builds up
→ Fluid accumulates in the body
→ Electrolytes become abnormal

Oliguria =

HOW TO LEGALLY MARRY A LADY FROM ORPHANAGE HOME IN NIGERIA WITH LESS THAN 50,000 Naira.With less than 50k, you can go ba...
03/11/2025

HOW TO LEGALLY MARRY A LADY FROM ORPHANAGE HOME IN NIGERIA WITH LESS THAN 50,000 Naira.

With less than 50k, you can go back to your village this December with a Legal wife to pepper village people say you sef na married man

How can i marry a girl from orphanage home

Well, today is the day that the LORD has made to cast the update.

First step,
Look for any orphanage home around you, visit them to give them a gift and check if they have grown up girls above 18yrs in their custody.

At 18, the girl child is now an adult and she is ripe enough for marriage under Nigeria law and she can now make decisions on her own. And at this stage, she can go out and work while she gather money to rent house for herself, while she comes back every night to sleep at the orphanage home for the mean time pending when she will rent her own house

Once you sight your spec there, maybe the one with BIG front or BIG back.
Weda na yellow skin or brown skin girl

You can approach her directly or

You can meet with the management of the orphanage home and tell them what you want.

In this situation, they act as the Guardian, but they need to inform her and she has the right to accept or reject cos she is now an adult and no one can force her to marry you.

Once she agree to marry

No payment of brideprice
No buying of ladies bike for the brides mum
No cooking of any food
No stress at all
No buying of A*o ebi
No buying of wedding dress
No mother in law or father in law wahala.

All you need to do, is to sign one or two forms at the orphanage home and take her to the marriage registry where you pay less than 50k to get married without any stress at all.

No need for wedding dress or suit, you can put on one of your moderate house clothes

That is the highest form of marriage recognised under the law in Nigeria and your marriage is protected under the law.

2026, you have no excuse to remain single as a man.
I don drop update

Make you help spread this information oooo

And don't foeget to get one of Atanda Ebook today and get FREE additional 21 ebook on different law in Nigeria

Ignorance of the law is no excuse

Copied

That fart-like sound during sëx is called QUEEFING. It's completely normal and common. It can be caused by air being tra...
20/10/2025

That fart-like sound during sëx is called QUEEFING. It's completely normal and common.

It can be caused by air being trapped in the vagïna due to in and out of penîs during sëx or during rigorous exercises.

You should be worried and seek medical attention, when it comes with foul smells, pain during sëx, chronic infection, rashes and irritation around the outer part of the vagïna.

09/09/2025

FIBROID
is a non benign tumor that grows in the pelvic rejoin of the female cavity probably as a result of Hormonal issues or excess production of Estrogen
We have types of Fibroid which are

1. Submucosal
2. Subserosal
3. Pendunculated
4. Intramural fibroid

DEADLY COMPLICATIONS OF FIBROID

1. Prolonged or heavy bleeding and this can cause anemia ( BLOOD SHORTAGE)

2. Depending on the size and position, the fibroid can cause pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or back leading to discomfort...

3. They can also cause pain during in*******se

4. Difficulty with urination : Large fibroids may cause a frequency and urgency of urination if they put pressure in the bladder. Fibroid grows in a way that obstructs the urethra thereby creating difficulty with urination. Very large fibroids can obstruct the ureters
(the tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder) the obstruction usually causes no symptoms but nevertheless is important to address it because it can cause damages to the kidney

5. Difficulties with bowel movement pressure on the re**um can cause re**al spasm pain with bowel movement or difficulty with completing bowel movement as a result of fibroid

6. Problem with pregnancy few smaller fibroids do not interfere with pregnancy however the majority may cause infertility or repeated miscarriage because of increased hormone levels during pregnancy they tend to increase substantially in size.
in doing so, a fibroid may outgrow each blood and degenerate causing pain

And. I saw this child some years back at work. And took this picture. Her parents took her to a herbal practitioner for ...
05/09/2025

And.

I saw this child some years back at work.

And took this picture.

Her parents took her to a herbal practitioner for treatment for "Apa Afor."

Some now call it "Spleen."

Sadly.

After the treatment, the child ended up on admission in the health facility where I work.

We now had the double responsibility of treating the complications of the "treatment" given by the herbal practitioner.

And the original cause of the child's illness.

What is commonly referred to as "Apa Afor" is actually Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome.

Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome, also known as Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly, occurs due to an over reaction of the child's immune system to long term repeated attacks of Malarial infection.

It is usually seen in areas where malaria is endemic like Nigeria.

And more commonly in the Southeast and South-south geopolitical zones.

The symptoms include repeated episodes of fever, an enlarged spleen and abdominal pain.

Forget the big sounding name.

When the diagnosis is made.

Treatment is quite simple.

No child should pass through this in the name of treatment for "Apa Afor."

Copied from:
Prof. Nwolisa (paediatrician)

29/08/2025

As a medical practitioner’s perspective:
Fertility depends mainly on:
1.Whether the woman is ovulating.
2.The man’s s***m count, motility, and quality.
3.A healthy female reproductive tract (open fallopian tubes, receptive endometrium).

Sexual position (woman on top, man on top, side-by-side, etc.) does not prevent pregnancy.
Once s***m is ej******ed inside the va**na, millions begin swimming immediately toward the cervix and uterus. They are programmed to move against gravity, and they reach the fallopian tubes within minutes regardless of position.

In fact,If woman on top, some semen may leak out due to gravity, but this does not significantly reduce the chance of getting pregnant because only a very small fraction of s***m is needed for fertilization.

There is no strong medical evidence that any s*x position increases or decreases fertility...

My advise if you are trying to conceived:
1.Have regular in*******se around ovulation (the fertile window)."Lecture for another day"

2.No need to worry about positions,what matters is ej*******on inside the va**na.

3.I will suggest lying down for 10–15 minutes after s*x (especially if the woman is on top), but this is more for reassurance than necessity.
4.Regular exercise ...In fact alot to discuss but I will just stop here for another day.Thanks

12/05/2025

No matter how emotional their story is don’t touch your savings.

That money represents your discipline, your late nights, your skipped pleasures, your silent sacrifices. It’s your backup plan when life hits unexpectedly. It’s the bridge between where you are and where you want to go.

If you keep dipping into it for every guilt trip, every "emergency" that isn’t yours, or every person who mismanaged their life, you’ll have nothing left when you need it most.

Help if you can but only from your surplus, never your core.

Real men build stability. And savings are sacred. Protect them.

19/02/2025

Good morning all
Todays morning 💊

If you are pregnant, you have no business eating liver atall.
Avoid liver at all cost because it contains high levels of Vitamin A , and vitamin A when taken during pregnancy in excess levels which the liver contains, can make the baby not to form properly it can also cause miscarriage .
Safe levels of vitamin A for you are the ones that come from plant for example Carrot.

Everybody likes Pawpaw
14/02/2025

Everybody likes Pawpaw

11/02/2025

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. It can cause muscle weakness, numbness, and even paralysis. The exact cause is unknown, but it is often triggered by infections, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and, in rare cases, by vaccinations or surgery.

Symptoms of GBS:
Weakness or tingling in the legs that spreads to the arms and upper body
Loss of reflexes
Difficulty walking or coordinating movements
Severe pain, especially at night
Difficulty breathing in severe cases
Rapid heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations

Causes and Triggers:

GBS often follows infections such as:
Campylobacter jejuni (a bacterial infection from undercooked poultry)
Influenza, COVID-19, or other viral infections

Surgery
Rarely, certain vaccines

Diagnosis:

Doctors diagnose GBS through:
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) – to check for elevated protein in cerebrospinal fluid
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies – to assess nerve function
Blood tests and MRI – to rule out other conditions

Treatment Options:
There is no cure, but treatments can speed up recovery:
1. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis): Removes harmful antibodies from the blood.
2. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Provides healthy antibodies to stop the immune attack.
3. Physical Therapy: Helps restore movement and strength during recovery.

Recovery and Prognosis:
Most patients recover, but recovery time varies from weeks to months.Some may experience lingering weakness, fatigue, or nerve damage.Severe cases may require long-term rehabilitation.

03/02/2025

1. Food has nutrients

2. Noodles have zero nutrients.

3. Eating noodles is like eating a plastic karai

4. Mido crass will say that noodles is prepared using wheat. Tell them to know the location of Kariobangi in the world map

5. Some countries keep on banning noodles and then allowing them back

6. After eating noodles, you start neighing like a donkey looking for water because your body is not stupid. It's telling you that you gave it zero nutrients

7. Food addicts will claim that noodles slap differently with eggs forgetting that what slaps them is Monosodium glutamate which is addictive

8. The children who are fed on noodles have weird allergies , mental dysregulation and a lot digestive problems.

9. Then in the evening after eating this plastic you start saying that you are working on your , glutes, Abs and core

10. We shall all die . This we all know

11. Always use your sense well. Start eating food and drop factory products . Food is either from the soil or from animals

12. Pay the farmer today or pay the PHARMA tomorrow

01/02/2025

1. Not all MILKY DISCHARGE from the BR3AST is caused by HIGH PROLACTIN.

One major cause of milky discharge from the br3ast is STRESS!
Yes! Stress (such as physical stress, psychological and emotional stress FROM HEART BREAK) can cause a milky discharge from the br3ast. It can also make a woman not to see her period.

2. First thing to do.
So the first thing to do whenever one notices a milky discharge from the br3ast is to CUT EVERY FROM OF STRESS and SEEK MEDICAL CARE.

3. Not every MILKY DISCHARGE from the BR3AST is MILK
First thing that comes to mind following a discharge from the br3ast is HIGH PROLACTIN. However it is important to note not all discharge from the br3ast is as a result of HIGH PROACTIN.
It could be PERIDUCTAL MASTITIS.

4. What is Periductal Mastitis ?
Periductal Mastitis is bacterial infection of the breast duct. So we also collect a sample of the br3ast the discharge and culture it to know if there is a bacterial infection and so many other investigations.

DISCLAIMER!
This post is for educational purposes only. It is never a standard for the diagnosis or treatment of BREAST MILK DISCHARGE. We do not encourage self diagnosis or treatment. When you are sick please see your doctor,.
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