22/09/2025
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Here's a brief overview:
*Types:*
- *Bacterial pneumonia*: Caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- *Viral pneumonia*: Caused by viruses like influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
- *Fungal pneumonia*: Caused by fungi like Pneumocystis jirovecii (P*P).
*Symptoms:*
- Cough (dry or productive)
- Fever
- Chills
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Confusion (especially in older adults)
*Causes and Risk Factors:*
- *Infections*: Bacterial, viral, or fungal.
- *Age*: Older adults and young children are more susceptible.
- *Weakened immune system*: Due to chronic illness, medication, or other conditions.
- *Underlying health conditions*: Heart disease, diabetes, lung disease.
- *Smoking*: Increases risk of pneumonia.
*Treatment:*
- *Antibiotics*: For bacterial pneumonia.
- *Antiviral medications*: For viral pneumonia (e.g., oseltamivir for influenza).
- *Supportive care*: Rest, hydration, oxygen therapy.
- *Hospitalization*: May be necessary for severe cases.
*Prevention:*
- *Vaccination*: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccines can help prevent pneumonia.
- *Good hygiene*: Wash hands regularly.
- *Avoid smoking*: Quit smoking to reduce risk.
- *Manage underlying conditions*: Control chronic illnesses.
*When to Seek Medical Attention:*
- Severe symptoms (difficulty breathing, chest pain).
- Fever above 102°F (39°C).
- Confusion or disorientation.
- Coughing up blood or rust-colored mucus.
If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns about pneumonia, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Nusrat Jahan Ontora
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Eunice Kiptabut