01/12/2024
There are several laboratory tests to measure sugar levels in the body, typically focusing on blood sugar (glucose) and related parameters. Here are the most common tests:
1. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
Purpose: Measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast (8–12 hours without eating).
Normal Range: 70–99 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L)
Indicates: Elevated levels may suggest diabetes or prediabetes.
2. Random Blood Sugar (RBS)
Purpose: Measures blood glucose at any time, regardless of fasting.
Normal Range: Typically less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
Indicates: High levels can suggest diabetes if consistently elevated.
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Purpose: Measures blood glucose before and after consuming a glucose-rich drink.
Procedure: Blood is drawn at intervals (e.g., 0, 30, 60, 120 minutes).
Normal Range (2-hour reading): Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
Indicates: Used to diagnose diabetes and gestational diabetes.
4. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Purpose: Measures average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months.
Normal Range: Below 5.7%
Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
5. C-Peptide Test
Purpose: Measures the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas.
Indicates: Differentiates between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
6. Urine Glucose Test
Purpose: Detects glucose in the urine.
Normal Result: No glucose present.
Indicates: High glucose in urine suggests hyperglycemia or diabetes.
7. Fructosamine Test
Purpose: Measures average blood glucose over the past 2–3 weeks.
Indicates: Useful for short-term monitoring of glucose control.
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