24/05/2025
👉👉World Thyroid Day
Date: May 25 every year
Purpose:
World Thyroid Day is dedicated to raising awareness about thyroid diseases, promoting prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid conditions. It emphasizes the importance of thyroid health and aims to educate the public on how thyroid disorders can affect metabolism, growth, and overall well-being.
👉Types of Thyroid Disorders:
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid):
Cause: Autoimmune (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis), iodine deficiency, post-surgical, radiation.
Symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, depression, constipation, dry skin, slow heart rate.
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid):
Cause: Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis.
Symptoms: Weight loss, anxiety, palpitations, heat intolerance, tremors, increased sweating, diarrhea.
3. Goiter:
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency, inflammation, or nodular disease.
4. Thyroid Nodules:
Lumps within the thyroid that may be benign or malignant.
5. Thyroid Cancer:
Types include papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma.
6. Thyroiditis:
Inflammation of the thyroid gland (e.g., Hashimoto’s, subacute thyroiditis).
👉Thyroid-Related Laboratory Tests:
Basic Thyroid Panel:
1)TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone):
Best initial test.
High in hypothyroidism, low in hyperthyroidism.
2)Free T4 (Thyroxine):
Measures free thyroxine not bound to protein.
3)Free T3 (Triiodothyronine):
More biologically active; especially important in hyperthyroidism.
👉 Advanced Testing:
A) Anti-TPO Antibodies:
Indicates autoimmune thyroid disease (e.g., Hashimoto’s).
B) Thyroglobulin Antibodies:
Also seen in autoimmune conditions.
C) TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb):
Elevated in Graves’ disease.
D) Thyroglobulin:
Used as a tumor marker in thyroid cancer follow-up.
E) Calcitonin:
Elevated in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Imaging Tests:
Thyroid Ultrasound: Evaluates nodules and goiter.
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU) Scan: Differentiates causes of hyperthyroidism.
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): For evaluating suspicious nodules.
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