11/11/2025
L4-L5 and L5-S1 disc bulge is a common lower back condition where the disc between these vertebrae bulges outward, potentially irritating a nearby spinal nerve. This can cause symptoms like lower back pain, sciatica (pain radiating down the leg), numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg or foot.
Causes include age-related wear, injury, or repetitive stress, and treatment often involves conservative options like physical therapy, rest, and pain management, though surgery may be an option for severe cases.
The lower spine has five vertebrae (L1-L5), followed by the sacrum (S1).
A disc bulge occurs when the soft, inner part of the spinal disc pushes through a weak spot in its tougher outer layer.
L4-L5 and L5-S1 are the most common locations for disc bulges in the lumbar (lower) spine because of the significant stress on these discs.
Symptoms:
Pain: Lower back pain that can be sharp or dull, and pain that radiates down one leg (sciatica).
Numbness or tingling: A "pins and needles" sensation in the leg, foot, or toes.
Muscle weakness: Difficulty with certain movements, such as walking or lifting your foot and toes.
Causes:
Age: Degenerative changes can weaken the disc over time.
Injury: A sudden impact like a fall, car accident, or sports injury.
Repetitive stress: Activities that involve heavy lifting, twisting, or long periods of sitting.
Treatment:
Conservative care: Most cases can be managed without surgery.
Rest: Avoiding activities that worsen the pain.
Physical therapy: A physiotherapist can guide you through stretches and strengthening exercises to improve flexibility and stability.
Pain management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers, and sometimes other therapies like ice or heat.
Medical intervention: If conservative treatment is not effective, a doctor may recommend other options, such as injections or, in severe cases, surgery.
