17/07/2022
"Myopia is a global epidemic. It affects 2.5 billion people around the world. And if steps aren't taken, in 2050 that number will be 5 billion," warned Thierry Bour, MD, president of the French National Union of Ophthalmologists (SNOF). In France, the prevalence of myopia was 15% in 1950. These days, it's 40%. "In some parts of Asia, 90% of young adults are nearsighted."
Several factors influence the progression of myopia. There are environmental factors — from the ubiquity of screens and the lack of natural light to studying for long periods of time and engaging in near work. And these factors combine with genetic factors; a child is twice as likely to be nearsighted if he or she has one parent who is nearsighted and three to eight times more likely if both parents are nearsighted.
Furthermore, myopia brings with it an increased risk for glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment. "We must act quickly to put the brakes on this epidemic. And we can do that by using things we already have: glasses, contact lenses, eye drops," Bour pointed out.
"In addition, we can promote prevention, in particular by encouraging people to increase their exposure to natural light."
"...the more time a child spends outdoors, the less likely they are to develop myopia.... time spent on near work should be limited, and at least 1 hour a day should be spent outdoors.
According to the survey, 3- to 6-year-olds spend 3½ hours per day in front of screens. For 11- to 13-year-olds, it's just a shade under 7 hours, and for 13- to 17-year-olds, it is 7½ hours.
"...preventive actions,...
.. prohibiting children from using screens, promoting outdoor activities, reducing the amount of time spent on near-vision work, and establishing early bedtimes."
The proportion of adults who are nearsighted may be as high as 60% by 2050, according to experts. Yet public awareness about risk factors and preventive measures is low.