22/08/2025
Biodegradation is just the process of nature breaking down materials into their component parts, given the right time and the biological conditions.
Biodegradable textiles can be made from plant-based or animal-based fibres. These materials biodegrade significantly faster than synthetic fabrics (like polyester, nylon, acrylic), which are petroleum-based and may take hundreds of years to decompose—or simply break down into microplastics.
• Plant-based: cotton, h**p, linen, bamboo, abaca, lyocell (including Tencel), jute
• Animal-based: wool, silk, leather
A plant or animal-based fabric can have its biodegradability impacted during the production process. Harsh Chemical Dyes and Heavy Metals, performance Treatments, and synthetic finishes & coatings can alter the fabric's structure and create a barrier against microbial activity, creating greater resistance to being broken down and leaving toxins behind in the environment.
The ability of fabrics to biodegrade isn't just about the material—environmental conditions play a critical role:
• In compost-like settings (warm, humid, oxygen-rich), natural fibers like cotton can decompose in a few months; wool may take longer due to its protein structure.
• In landfills, where oxygen and moisture are limited, even organic textiles degrade slowly and may emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
We hope you learnt something new about biodegradable fabrics and what truly makes them earth-friendly. The more we understand, the better choices we can make—because every fibre counts. 🌱♻️
Here are some articles that we found helpful in understanding biodegradable textiles and writing this post:
https://sustainableliving.org.nz/biodegradable-fabrics-innovations-in-eco-friendly-textiles/
https://www.greenmatters.com/p/what-fabrics-are-biodegradable
https://www.kids4earth.org/post/the-science-behind-textile-decomposition-and-its-environmental-impact
Beautiful and inexpensive upcycling shop supporting Pregnancy Choice Dunedin. Clothing, homeware, books, toys, bric a brac, baby gear/clothing. We are always happy to take good, clean donations, except electrical goods.
449 Princes Street, Dunedin.