18/09/2023
The Gut (Microbiome) and Neurodegenerative conditions, Impacts of Diet
As with exercise, there is a growing body of research to support the position that the microbiome has a significant, direct impact on neurodegenerative diseases, and that diet can directly impact the microbiome, thus impacting neurodegenerative diseases, either positively or negatively.
Some of the relationships discovered are as follows: There is evidence that high consumption of saturated fats exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, presumably by increasing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Consuming saturated fats has also been shown to increase the body’s inflammatory response. (While acute inflammation is a necessary component to fight infection and acute injury, chronic inflammation is well known to be highly damaging to our health.)
Following this line of reasoning, the Ketogenic diet has been evaluated for its potential to improve neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis and even autism. The impact of the Ketogenic diet is thought to come through enhancing the function of our mitochondria, an area of well know impairment in these diseases.
Another dietary approach to this area of our health has been the use of a “Mediterranean diet. While there is no specific “diet” here, the Mediterranean diet is generally based on a high intake of fruits and vegetables, legumes, complex carbs, fish oils and olive oil for fat, and red wine. (YAY!) (I know many of us have specific dietary needs, and may avoid some of the items in a typical Mediterranean diet, but this is a starting point.) The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be protective against cardiovascular disease as well as neurodegenerative issues, primarily through the reduction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
All of the above is really just to get to the following; diet can be used as the primary factor to alter and improve the microbiome, and through those changes, improve our health, particularly our brain health. So how is this accomplished? For starters, it has been shown that consuming a plant-based diet leads to a more complex (healthier) microbiome than an animal-based diet. This is because the plant-based diet leads to higher levels of fiber fermenting bacteria, and these bacteria produce short chain fatty acids. (The increase in SCFAs is not just in the gut, but also appears in the circulation.) Studies have shown that there is a direct link between alterations in diet, changes in the microbiome, and ultimately, cognitive and neuroinflammatory processes. By increasing the fiber intake, we increase the production of SCFAs by the microbiome, which leads to better cognition and lower levels of neuroinflammation.
Something to think about over the weekend. I will see you all next week. Be well, Dirk
(References in the comments.)