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Vision testing is a set of examinations used to assess how well a person can see. It helps eye care professionals detect vision problems, eye diseases, or the need for glasses.

Here’s a simple breakdown 👇

👁️ Main Components of Vision Testing

1. Visual Acuity Test

Purpose: Measures the sharpness (clarity) of vision.

Method: The patient reads letters or symbols (Snellen chart) from a specific distance — usually 6 meters (20 feet).

Result Example:

6/6 (20/20) – Normal vision

6/12 – The patient sees at 6 m what a normal person sees at 12 m (blurred vision)

2. Refraction Test

Purpose: Determines if you need glasses or contact lenses.

Method: A device called a phoropter or retinoscope is used to find the correct lens power for clear vision.

Finds:

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Hypermetropia (farsightedness)

Astigmatism

3. Color Vision Test

Purpose: Checks ability to distinguish different colors.

Method: Using Ishihara plates (numbers hidden in colored dots).

Useful for: Detecting color blindness, especially red-green deficiency.

4. Visual Field Test

Purpose: Evaluates side (peripheral) vision.

Method: Light spots are shown on a screen, and the patient presses a button when they see them.

Important for: Detecting glaucoma, retinal diseases, or neurological disorders.

5. Contrast Sensitivity Test

Purpose: Measures ability to detect differences between light and dark shades.

Used in: Early cataract or retinal diseases.

6. Near Vision Test

Purpose: Tests reading ability or close-up work vision.

Used for: Detecting presbyopia (age-related difficulty seeing near).

🔍 Why Vision Testing Is Important

Detects early eye diseases (like glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy)

Helps prescribe accurate spectacles or contact lenses

Monitors vision changes over time

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