101 Health Research

101 Health Research Empowering researchers. Strengthening health systems. Protocols | Biostatistics | Data Science
From idea to impact 🌏

Assistance in study design and methodology, statistical planning and analysis, health research training workshops, and clinical and public health research

26/05/2026

CASE REPORTS CAN BE PRESENTED IN MANY DIFFERENT WAYS
One meaningful clinical case can lead to multiple academic outputs.

The same patient encounter may be presented as:
đź“„ A conference abstract
đź–Ľ A poster presentation
🎤 An oral research presentation
đź“š A written journal manuscript

Each format serves a different purpose.
đź“ť Abstracts summarize key findings concisely for conferences and scientific meetings.
đź–Ľ Posters emphasize visual communication, imaging, and high-yield learning points.
🎤 Oral presentations focus on clinical reasoning, chronology, and audience engagement.
đź“š Written case reports allow deeper discussion, literature comparison, and publication.

Regardless of format, strong case reports should always have:
âś… a clear educational value
âś… logical clinical flow
âś… concise discussion
âś… relevant learning points
âś… strong visuals when applicable

We will conclude our Case Report mini-series on Thursday with CARE Guidelines, The international framework for writing high-quality case reports.

CASE REPORTS CAN BE PRESENTED IN MANY DIFFERENT WAYSOne meaningful clinical case can lead to multiple academic outputs.T...
26/05/2026

CASE REPORTS CAN BE PRESENTED IN MANY DIFFERENT WAYS
One meaningful clinical case can lead to multiple academic outputs.

The same patient encounter may be presented as:
đź“„ A conference abstract
đź–Ľ A poster presentation
🎤 An oral research presentation
đź“š A written journal manuscript

Each format serves a different purpose.
đź“ť Abstracts summarize key findings concisely for conferences and scientific meetings.
đź–Ľ Posters emphasize visual communication, imaging, and high-yield learning points.
🎤 Oral presentations focus on clinical reasoning, chronology, and audience engagement.
đź“š Written case reports allow deeper discussion, literature comparison, and publication.

Regardless of format, strong case reports should always have:
âś… a clear educational value
âś… logical clinical flow
âś… concise discussion
âś… relevant learning points
âś… strong visuals when applicable

We will conclude our Case Report mini-series on Thursday with CARE Guidelines, The international framework for writing high-quality case reports.

25/05/2026

CASE REPORTS: ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL ENTRY POINTS INTO MEDICAL RESEARCH

Many landmark discoveries in medicine were first described through case reports.
From rare diseases to unusual complications and innovative treatments, a single patient encounter can contribute meaningful clinical knowledge.

A strong case report is more than an “interesting case.”

It should offer:
• a clear learning point,
• diagnostic insight,
• therapeutic relevance,
• or an important clinical discussion.

Publishable case reports may involve:
• Rare diseases
• Rare presentations of common diseases
• Diagnostic dilemmas
• Therapeutic challenges
• Unexpected complications or outcomes
• Novel surgical or medical approaches
• Rare adverse drug reactions
• Unique imaging or pathology findings

The key question is:
“What makes this case educationally valuable to other clinicians?”

Over the next 2 days, 101 Health Research will feature a mini-series on:
đź“Ś Different formats of case reports
đź“Ś CARE Guidelines
đź“Ś Common reasons case reports get rejected
đź“Ś Special considerations for surgical case reports

Whether you are a student, resident, fellow, or consultant, case reports are often one of the best starting points for academic publishing.

CASE REPORTS: ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL ENTRY POINTS INTO MEDICAL RESEARCHMany landmark discoveries in medicine were firs...
25/05/2026

CASE REPORTS: ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL ENTRY POINTS INTO MEDICAL RESEARCH

Many landmark discoveries in medicine were first described through case reports.
From rare diseases to unusual complications and innovative treatments, a single patient encounter can contribute meaningful clinical knowledge.

A strong case report is more than an “interesting case.”

It should offer:
• a clear learning point,
• diagnostic insight,
• therapeutic relevance,
• or an important clinical discussion.

Publishable case reports may involve:
• Rare diseases
• Rare presentations of common diseases
• Diagnostic dilemmas
• Therapeutic challenges
• Unexpected complications or outcomes
• Novel surgical or medical approaches
• Rare adverse drug reactions
• Unique imaging or pathology findings

The key question is:
“What makes this case educationally valuable to other clinicians?”

Over the next 2 days, 101 Health Research will feature a mini-series on:
đź“Ś Different formats of case reports
đź“Ś CARE Guidelines
đź“Ś Common reasons case reports get rejected
đź“Ś Special considerations for surgical case reports

Whether you are a student, resident, fellow, or consultant, case reports are often one of the best starting points for academic publishing.

23/05/2026

Self-directed learning doesn’t stop at books, courses, or journals.
Some of the most meaningful learning in health and research happens when we step outside our usual circles.

Attend conferences not just for compliance or certificates, but to talk to people.
• Sit with someone from another institution
• Ask what they’re working on
• Listen more than you speak

Step outside your department.
Step outside your hospital.
Doctors tend to cluster with doctors.
Researchers cluster with researchers.

But real insight often comes from conversations with people who don’t think like us at all.

Talk to:
• Designers
• Engineers
• Athletes
• Writers
• Policy workers
• Community leaders

Engage in creative, athletic, or civic spaces, not as chores, but as genuine interests.

Run. Paint. Volunteer. Join a book club. Learn a sport. Build something with your hands.

These spaces teach things medicine cannot:
• Teamwork under pressure
• Recovery and discipline
• Empathy without hierarchy
• How systems work outside healthcare

And if you’re an introvert, this still applies.

You don’t need to work the room.
You need one good conversation.

One question.
One shared interest.

Curiosity is quieter than charisma, and just as powerful.
Learning is personal, but it is nourished by the world around us.

It’s a big world out there.
And it has much to teach us, if we’re willing to step into it.

Self-directed learning doesn’t stop at books, courses, or journals.Some of the most meaningful learning in health and re...
23/05/2026

Self-directed learning doesn’t stop at books, courses, or journals.
Some of the most meaningful learning in health and research happens when we step outside our usual circles.

Attend conferences not just for compliance or certificates, but to talk to people.
• Sit with someone from another institution
• Ask what they’re working on
• Listen more than you speak

Step outside your department.
Step outside your hospital.
Doctors tend to cluster with doctors.
Researchers cluster with researchers.

But real insight often comes from conversations with people who don’t think like us at all.

Talk to:
• Designers
• Engineers
• Athletes
• Writers
• Policy workers
• Community leaders

Engage in creative, athletic, or civic spaces, not as chores, but as genuine interests.

Run. Paint. Volunteer. Join a book club. Learn a sport. Build something with your hands.

These spaces teach things medicine cannot:
• Teamwork under pressure
• Recovery and discipline
• Empathy without hierarchy
• How systems work outside healthcare

And if you’re an introvert, this still applies.

You don’t need to work the room.
You need one good conversation.

One question.
One shared interest.

Curiosity is quieter than charisma, and just as powerful.
Learning is personal, but it is nourished by the world around us.

It’s a big world out there.
And it has much to teach us, if we’re willing to step into it.

Happy International Nurses Month!đź“Š How are digital disruption and climate stress transforming nursing work in the Philip...
22/05/2026

Happy International Nurses Month!

đź“Š How are digital disruption and climate stress transforming nursing work in the Philippines? The results from our latest globally funded study are officially in: co-organized by Women in Global Health Philippines, AIHO, NAPHN, and 101 Health Research, this research reveals the critical shifts reshaping the frontline of Filipino healthcare.

A massive shoutout to our very own COO and Data Scientist, Aian Rosales, MSDS, who led the data scraping component of the study. By scraping 14,060 online job postings across 13 recruitment platforms, 101 Health Research mapped out the real economic realities driving our workforce trends:

đź’¸ The BPO Gravity: Over 200,000 healthcare professionals have transitioned to the BPO sector. While standard clinical postings offer wages between PHP 6,000 and PHP 20,585, non-traditional BPO healthcare roles pay PHP 27,000 to PHP 33,000, creating an intense, economically motivated shift.

🌎 The Salary Divide: Local nursing job posts average a mean monthly salary of PHP 20,000. US-based online vacancies average a mean monthly salary of PHP 617,000, continuing to fuel talent migration patterns.

đź’» Digital Demands: Modern recruitment platforms show heavy demand for core technical proficiencies, specifically highlighting Microsoft Excel, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and digital clinical documentation literacy.

Beyond the numbers, the study highlighted that climate change is operating as a direct threat multiplier: leading to severe power/internet disruptions, commuting issues, and elevated ward stress for public health and clinical staff.

Special thanks to the panel experts: Dr. Michael Joseph Diño, Dr. Erwin Leyva, and Dr. Portia Vitug, for emphasizing that true technological transformation requires an 80% investment in human resources and a dedication to retaining the native spirit of malasakit in nursing care.

Read the full article on our website: https://101healthresearch.com/nursing-at-the-frontline-of-change-digital-disruption-climate-stress-and-the-future-of-nursing-work-in-the-philippines/

🚀 Want to learn how to use data scraping for your own health research? Join our upcoming learning session led by 101 Health Research and collaborators:
📅 June 19, 2026 | 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM (GMT+8)
đź”— Register now: bit.ly/aiho-datascraping

21/05/2026

Internal consistency looks at how well the items in a scale work together.

It describes the degree of interrelatedness between items, also called homogeneity.

In simple terms:
👉 Are the questions all trying to measure the same thing?

That “same thing” is called a latent trait, a concept you can’t measure directly (like stress, quality of life, or depression), but estimate using multiple items.

Important COSMIN reminders:
• Internal consistency is not applicable to all scales
• It applies only to reflective multi-item scales
• It is not the only measure of reliability

Cronbach’s alpha is widely used, but also widely misused:
âś” Use it only when items measure one construct
âś– Do not use it for formative scales or single-item measures
âś– A high alpha does not guarantee a good or valid scale

Internal consistency helps us check whether items belong together,
not whether the scale is correct, complete, or meaningful.

Internal consistency looks at how well the items in a scale work together.It describes the degree of interrelatedness be...
21/05/2026

Internal consistency looks at how well the items in a scale work together.

It describes the degree of interrelatedness between items, also called homogeneity.

In simple terms:
👉 Are the questions all trying to measure the same thing?

That “same thing” is called a latent trait, a concept you can’t measure directly (like stress, quality of life, or depression), but estimate using multiple items.

Important COSMIN reminders:
• Internal consistency is not applicable to all scales
• It applies only to reflective multi-item scales
• It is not the only measure of reliability

Cronbach’s alpha is widely used, but also widely misused:
âś” Use it only when items measure one construct
âś– Do not use it for formative scales or single-item measures
âś– A high alpha does not guarantee a good or valid scale

Internal consistency helps us check whether items belong together,
not whether the scale is correct, complete, or meaningful.

20/05/2026

Reliability can be examined by replicating measurements under different situations.

Each approach asks the same core question:
👉 Do scores remain consistent when the construct has not changed?

Common forms of reliability include:
• Test–retest reliability
Replication by administering the same measure to the same people on at least two occasions.
This must be done within a time period where the attribute is not expected to change.

• Interrater (inter-observer) reliability
Two or more raters independently apply the instrument to the same people,
to check whether scores are consistent across raters.

• Intrarater (intra-observer) reliability
An index of self-consistency, where the same rater repeats the measurement on two or more occasions.

• Parallel test reliability
Two different versions of a test are administered to the same person on separate occasions, and a reliability parameter is estimated.
This is applicable mainly to reflective multi-item scales, and is more common in educational research.

Different situations.
Same expectation: consistent scores when nothing has changed.

Reliability can be examined by replicating measurements under different situations.Each approach asks the same core ques...
20/05/2026

Reliability can be examined by replicating measurements under different situations.

Each approach asks the same core question:
👉 Do scores remain consistent when the construct has not changed?

Common forms of reliability include:
• Test–retest reliability
Replication by administering the same measure to the same people on at least two occasions.
This must be done within a time period where the attribute is not expected to change.

• Interrater (inter-observer) reliability
Two or more raters independently apply the instrument to the same people,
to check whether scores are consistent across raters.

• Intrarater (intra-observer) reliability
An index of self-consistency, where the same rater repeats the measurement on two or more occasions.

• Parallel test reliability
Two different versions of a test are administered to the same person on separate occasions, and a reliability parameter is estimated.
This is applicable mainly to reflective multi-item scales, and is more common in educational research.

Different situations.
Same expectation: consistent scores when nothing has changed.

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