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Health care - Dr.Andrew M. Siazon, 118 Paseo de Roxas, cor Makati Avenue, Makati, Metro, Manila (2025)

Q: What is the address?

118 Paseo De Roxas, Cor Makati Avenue, Makati, Metro

30/04/2022

Dealing with anaphylactic shock

Anaphylaxis is a generalized acute reaction, this is a serious condition that requires prompt management and emergency care, otherwise it can be life-threatening. In case of needing respiratory support, infusion of Adrenalin, Glucagon, need to be admitted to the emergency department.

1. First aid for anaphylaxis
The principle of emergency emergency for anaphylaxis is to urgently perform CPR on the spot until the airway (Airway), breathing (Breathing), circulation (Circulation) with adrenaline, infusion translated... and then transferred to another place.

Immediately stop exposure to allergens such as drugs, blood and blood products, fluids, oral, topical, eye drops...

1.1. General treatment
In mild cases, antihistamines may be given subcutaneously or methylprednisolone 40-80mg intravenously.

In severe cases, if there is difficulty breathing or low blood pressure, it is necessary to put the patient in the position, with the head low, the legs high. Administer adrenaline 0.5-1mg ampoule intramuscularly into the anterolateral side of the thigh.

For children, dilute 1 ampoule of adrenaline with 10ml of distilled water for intramuscular injection 0.01mg/kg/time. Inject every 10-15 minutes until the radial pulse becomes clear, blood pressure returns to normal, shortness of breath completely decreases.

If the radial pulse is not captured after 1mg/5 minutes of adrenaline injection, continue injecting 0.3-0.5mg of adrenaline every 5 minutes through the femoral vein or the jugular vein until the pulse is captured, then switch to intravenous infusion. continuous veins.

1.2. Specialized treatment
Respiratory treatment should ensure airway clearance, oxygen breathing through glasses or mask. Can emergency tracheostomy if there is glottis edema, squeeze ambu balloon with oxygen, ventilator with 100% oxygen in the first hour, adjust ventilator according to specific condition.

Circulatory treatment includes

Place an intravenous (peripheral) line, if this cannot be established, place a central line through the jugular vein or the femoral vein.

Rapid infusion of sodium chloride 0.9% 1-2 liters, can be combined with colloid or Haesteril 6%, because anaphylaxis always has vasodilation associated with increased vascular permeability.

Continuous intravenous infusion of adrenaline is started at 0.1 μg/kg and then titrated so that systolic blood pressure is > 90 mmHg.

Emergency cardiopulmonary arrest due to anaphylaxis
Need to handle according to basic or intensive cardiopulmonary arrest emergency protocol.

2. Monitoring and treatment after emergency anaphylaxis
Other treatments that can be used to treat anaphylaxis include:

- Methylprednisolone intravenously 1mg/kg/4 hours or hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 5mg/kg/4 hours intravenously.
- Salbutamol or ventolin by throat spray or aerosol if there is difficulty breathing, can be combined with aminophyline intravenous bolus.
- Antihistamine: intramuscular prometazin 0.5-1mg.
+ Antihistamine H1: usually use Diphenhydramine 1-2 mg/kg or promethazine (Pypolphen) 0.5-1mg/kg every 6-8 hours.

+ Antihistamine H2: Ranitidine: 1-2 mg/kg.

- Combination of H1&H2 antagonists is more effective than H1 antagonists alone in the treatment of anaphylactic skin manifestations.
- Take activated charcoal and laxatives if the allergen is ingested.
- Compression bandages above the injection site or venom entry if present.
After emergency anaphylaxis, the patient should be monitored for:

- Biphasic anaphylaxis: may develop 1 to 72 hours after initial response.
- 5-20% of cases have biphasic anaphylaxis, about 3% need emergency treatment.
- The risk is biphasic: injection of adrenaline with a larger initial dose.

Post-emergency follow-up should be done within the first 4-6 hours, paying special attention to the first 72 hours. Cases at risk of biphasic need to be hospitalized for monitoring. In case of needing respiratory support, infusion of Adrenalin, Glucagon, need to be admitted to the emergency department.

3. Why is adrenaline often used in anaphylaxis?
The specific emergency and treatment regimen for anaphylaxis can vary depending on the qualifications and skills of the physician and the condition of the equipment. In particular, intramuscular adrenaline is still the basic treatment with life-saving properties.

Therefore, adrenaline needs to be prepared before all situations with the risk of anaphylaxis such as intravenous fluids, drug infusion, anesthetic anesthesia, contact with bees...

Mechanistically, adrenaline acts on sympathetic nerve receptors to help resolve most of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, for example vasoconstrictor effects (helps to increase blood pressure, reduce edema, erythema), increase contractility. myocardial contractility, bronchial smooth muscle relaxation...

Studies have shown that, the earlier adrenaline is administered in anaphylaxis, the more effective it is, and most anaphylaxis emergencies fail because of slow adrenaline administration.

However, like other drugs, adrenaline can also cause many unwanted effects, especially when administered intravenously, most commonly tremors in the limbs, chest pain, tachycardia. ..

Some cases of myocardial infarction have been implicated in the use of intravenous adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis, although anaphylaxis itself can also cause this complication.

Intramuscular adrenaline is by far the safest and most effective route of administration in the treatment of anaphylaxis.

In addition to Adrenaline, Corticosteroids and antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, dimedrol should also be used and have good effect on the symptoms of shock in the skin and mucous membranes.

Technical experts and doctors both need to understand the process and how to handle anaphylaxis. It is important that the patient is treated and treated as soon as possible.

29/04/2022

Migraine headaches are easily confused with what disease?

Migraine is a neurological syndrome that originates from a disorder of the cerebrovascular system. The disease is caused by many symptoms such as fatigue, stress, tension, changes in hormone levels, inadequate eating, erratic... Besides, the change in weather is also an important cause of increasing the prevalence of diseases. increased migraine headaches in patients.

1. Learn about migraines
The prevalence of migraine in women under 45 is three times higher than in men. The reason is because migraine headaches are closely related to hormonal changes in the body, specifically changes in the amount of female s*x hormone estrogen. According to research, up to 27.43% of women with migraine headaches are related to the menstrual cycle, the pain is more likely to appear at the beginning of puberty, the end of the menstrual cycle or perimenopause. terrible. The disease will decrease markedly during pregnancy and after 60 years of age.

Typical symptoms of a migraine include

- The pain occurs on one side of the head, and the frequent position changes rarely immobilize one side.
- The pain is usually located in the temples, forehead, and pain in the back of the neck is rarer.
- The pain lasts from 4 to 72 hours; The pain level increases gradually, especially during movement.
- In addition, the patient may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea or fear of light, fear of noises, cold hands and feet, sometimes seeing transient symptoms (seeing zigzag lines, visual hallucinations or loss of vision). temporary vision).

Migraine is a genetic disease, people whose parents or relatives have migraine symptoms have a higher risk of developing the disease than other subjects.

2. Migraine is often confused with what disease?
Migraine headaches are often confused with sinusitis, especially frontal sinusitis because they have many similar symptoms, typically a localized headache, accompanied by prolonged fatigue.

However, the patient can distinguish the two by determining the location of the pain:

Migraine: Migraine patients will have pain along one side of the head, can be left or right, put your hand on the temple, there is a feeling of jerking pain, pain with each pulse in the blood circulation. In addition, migraine pain also manifests as intermittent pain, each attack can last from 4 to 72 hours, the intensity of the pain increases gradually, at the temples as if there are blood vessels pulsing under the skin. The pain may also increase with movement and when the pain goes away the patient feels relief.

Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses will cause migraine headaches, often at the location of the sinuses. The pain caused by the symptoms of sinusitis, the patient does not have pain and the pain will often last.

Migraine headaches are a common condition but are easily confused with many other illnesses. Accordingly, the wrong diagnosis can increase the risk of complications, wrong treatment regimen. Therefore, when there are signs of chronic migraine that do not go away, patients should go to medical facilities with neurology for examination, early diagnosis of disease status and effective treatment regimens.

28/04/2022

Obesity, overweight and cancer risk

There are many factors that can cause a person to become obese, including genetic, hormonal, environmental, emotional and cultural factors. People who are overweight have an increased risk of many health problems such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Being overweight is also associated with an increased risk of many types of cancer.

1. Understanding overweight and cancer risk
More than two-thirds of American adults are overweight and obese, making this an important topic for people with cancer. When a person is overweight or obese, it means they have too much fat in lean tissues, such as muscle.

Several studies have explored why being overweight or obese can increase cancer risk and growth. Reasons why obesity is linked to cancer include:

- Increases levels of insulin and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may help some cancers grow
- Chronic inflammation, acute inflammation..., common in obese people is associated with an increased risk of cancer
- Higher amounts of estrogen produced by adipose tissue, which may promote the development of certain cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancer
- Fat cells can influence the process that regulates cancer cell growth.

How weight changes throughout life is also linked to cancer risk. Studies have shown that the following factors can affect cancer risk:

- High birth weight
- Weight gain as an adult
- Lose and gain weight repeatedly.
- Research shows that maintaining a healthy weight is associated with a reduced risk of cancer.

2. Being overweight or obese has been linked to the following cancers:

Cancer rates attributed to obesity are as high as 40% for some cancers, especially esophageal and endometrial. Being overweight/obese contributes to 1 in 5 cancer-related deaths.

3. Being overweight or obese is linked to cancers
- Breast cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Uterine cancer
- Kidney cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Endometrial cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Gallbladder cancer
- Thyroid Cancer.

4. Weight measurement
Obesity is usually measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist measurement. BMI is the ratio of a person's weight and height. A healthy BMI is usually between 18.5 and 24.9. A BMI between 25 and 29.5 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or more is obese.

In addition, people with larger waist measurements have an increased risk of various diseases, such as heart disease. A healthy waist measurement is less than 40 inches for men and under 35 inches for women.

5. Weight management tips
To control weight gain, pay attention to what you eat and how much you exercise. Also make healthy choices for what you eat and drink. This can be challenging because the high-calorie diet is so typical in the United States, includes large amounts of food, is filling, and is relatively low cost. Here are tips to help you:

- Eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains. Certain foods, such as broth-based soups.
- Avoid foods and drinks that are high in sugar, such as juices and sodas.
- Only eat and drink as many calories as your body needs to maintain weight and support physical activity levels.
- Aim for 30 to 60 minutes per day of daily moderate to high intensity physical activity. - Even a small increase in physical activity has benefits.

6. Suggestions for people who are overweight or obese
If you're overweight or obese, it's best to start by taking steps to lose weight through nutrition and exercise. Aim to lose 5% to 10% of your body weight as the first goal. While this number may seem small, research shows that even losing 5% to 10% of your weight is beneficial. Most hospitals and healthcare organizations have specialists such as dietitians who can provide weight management advice and treatment.

Sometimes changing nutrition and increasing physical activity are not enough. There are other steps you can take. Example :

- Change in lifestyle behavior: First, change behavior to reduce food intake and increase physical activity. A dietitian, physiologist, psychologist, or doctor who specializes in weight loss can help.
- Support behavior change: For many people, being overweight or obese is more than simply eating too much and exercising too little. It's important to get support when you're trying to lose weight. Most weight loss programs include sessions with a dietitian or weight loss specialist to help you make healthy lifestyle changes and stick with them over time.
- Medication: Weight loss pills are usually only recommended when diet, exercise, and behavioral support aren't working. Or if you are suffering from another serious health condition due to obesity.
- Surgery: Can make the stomach smaller. This is called bariatric surgery or bariatric surgery. This may be an option for people with a BMI of 40 or more. Or for people with a BMI of 35 or more who have another serious health condition related to obesity.

7. Need to talk to a health professional about weight loss
Consider the following questions:

- Is my weight unhealthy?
- How is extra weight bad for my health?
- How will losing weight improve my health?
- How much weight do I need to lose?
- How much weight should I lose per week?
- What programs and treatments are available to help me lose weight?
- Can you recommend professionals who can help me develop a weight loss program?
- Where can I find information about healthy eating?
- Where can I find information about assignments?

Obesity is well on its way to replacing to***co as the number one cancer-related cause. We need to confront this growing problem and use all the tools we need to limit its impact (Cliord Hudis, President of the American Society of Clinical Oncology). In 2007, there were more than 84,000 obesity-related cancers.

Everyone needs to take control of their own weight and health. When noticing unusual weight gain or showing signs of harmful factors to the body, patients should visit a doctor to be diagnosed with a medical condition in order to provide scientific treatment.

27/04/2022

Why do kidney stones cause so much pain?

Kidney stones cause damage to the kidneys, increasing pressure leading to pain and other uncomfortable symptoms for the patient.

1. Symptoms of kidney stones
In the early stages of stone formation and development, patients almost never have any obvious symptoms. It is not until the stone grows and causes pain that the disease is discovered.

Symptoms of kidney stones include:

- Kidney stones back pain: Low back pain when there is a strong impact, strong activity, change of position;
- Urinary disturbances, discomfort when urinating;
- Abdominal bloating, abdominal distension;
- Nausea, vomiting;
- As the stones grow, there will be severe renal colic. The pain originates from the ureter points, descending below the p***c mound;
- Blood in the urine; kidney stones;
- Diarrhea, painful urination, urinary incontinence;
- Cloudy, purulent urine (if urinary tract infection).

2. Where does kidney stone hurt?
The severity of the pain of kidney stone patients depends on the size of the stone, the location of the stone, and the condition of the stone. Therefore, some people do not feel any pain, some people have dull pain, some people have severe pain, cramping pain every once in a while. The pain appears in the lumbar fossa area, spreading to the abdomen and adjacent sites. If a patient has stones in both kidneys, they will experience pain on both sides at the same time.

The urinary tract in the body is likened to a water conduit system. Water travels from the kidneys to the ureters and then to the bladder and urethra. If there is a kidney stone, the stone can travel along the tube that carries water to anywhere in the urinary tract. No matter where the stone is, it can cause pain to the patient.

3. Why do kidney stones cause so much pain?

According to experts, the cause of pain in patients with kidney stones is due to the stone obstructing the urinary tract, increasing kidney pressure, causing pain. Although the renal tubules do not have pain nerves, the tissues surrounding the tubules contain these nerves. When the renal tubules swell, pressing on these tissues, pain-sensing nerves transmit signals to the brain.

Besides, the stone rubbing against the kidney mucosa will cause kidney damage, inflammation of the kidney mucosa leading to pain. If the stone moves down the ureter, which is as narrow as 5mm in diameter, it can also cause pain.

The pain will have different characteristics, depending on the state of the stone of each person:

- If the kidney stone is small in size, the patient only has mild pain in the hip and waist position. But if the stone is large, the patient also feels a sharp pain when changing positions or doing vigorous exercise;
- If the stone is in the ureter, the patient will have sharp pain from the abdomen to the groin and thighs;
- If the stone is in the bladder, there will be a feeling of tightness in the lower abdomen, mild pain. When the stone falls into the urethra, the pain is stronger and it is difficult to urinate.

If the pain is unusually severe or beyond your tolerance, you should immediately seek medical attention.

26/04/2022

How to stay healthy when you have a weak immune system?

The immune system is essential for life. Without an immune system, the body will be easily attacked by bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc. The immune system keeps us healthy when exposed to pathogens. The immune system is present throughout the body and involves many types of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues.

1. Weak immune system
The immune system protects the body from disease and infection throughout life. However, some people with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to illness and disease and infections. People with cancer undergoing treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy... also often have weak immune systems.

White blood cells, antibodies and lymph nodes, make up the body's immune system. Many disorders can weaken the immune system and leave a person immunocompromised. Immunodeficiency disorders that are present at birth or due to environmental factors, including:

- HIV
- Some cancers
- Malnutrition
- Hepatitis
- Certain medical treatments.

2. Symptoms of a weak immune system
The main symptom of a weak immune system is an increased susceptibility to illness and infection. A person with a weakened immune system is more likely to get illnesses and infections than others, and these illnesses will be more severe or more difficult to treat.

Diseases that people with weakened immune systems often get sick and infected with include:

- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Bronchitis
- Illnesses and skin infections.
- These diseases recur with high frequency.

Other symptoms of a weak immune system may include:

- Autoimmune disorders
- Organ inflammation
- Blood disorders or abnormalities, such as anemia
- Digestive problems, such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, and stomach cramps
- Growth retardation in infants and young children.

3. Tips to stay healthy when you have a weak immune system

People with weakened immune systems can take several steps to optimize healthy lives and avoid disease and infection.

1: Good hygiene
One of the easiest ways for a person with a weak immune system to stay healthy is to clean and wash their hands often. You should wash your hands at the following times:

- Before, during and after meal preparation
- Before eating
- After blowing your nose, sneezing or coughing.

Before and after treating a cut or other open wound

- After coming into contact with an unwell person
- After using or helping a child use the bathroom
- After changing diapers
- After touching an animal or its food or waste
- After touching the garbage.

Proper hand washing significantly reduces illness. Hand washing reduces cases of infectious diarrhea by 58% in people with weakened immune systems. Washing hands with soap and water can help protect children and reduce the number of deaths from pneumonia and diarrhea in children under 5 years of age.

2: Avoid contact with sick people
People with weakened immune systems should avoid close contact with anyone who has a cold or illness and infection. Viruses and other infectious diseases can be spread from person to person through close contact. They can also be spread in the steam when coughing or sneezing.

It is not always possible to avoid sick people. However, a person with a weakened immune system should avoid close contact, such as hugging or kissing someone who is sick. They also need to avoid sharing food and drink with those people.

3: Disinfect household items
Disease-causing germs can live on the surfaces of certain items in the home, such as doorknobs and remote controls. A person can reduce the number of germs by disinfecting regularly.

4: Follow your doctor's advice about vaccines
Most people should get vaccinated periodically. However, a person with a weakened immune system or compromised immune system should delay or not receive the injection. The person can be vaccinated when the disease has resolved or has stopped treatment.

Examples of vaccines that doctors may recommend delaying or avoiding include:

- MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella
- Live flu vaccine
- MMRV vaccine, which combines the MMR vaccine with the chickenpox vaccine
- Rabies vaccine

People with weakened immune systems should check with their doctor which vaccines are safe for them and then follow their recommendations.

5: Stress Management
Stress can weaken the immune system and make a person more susceptible to illness. People with weakened immune systems should take steps to manage stress. Some methods that can reduce and manage stress include: Yoga; Meditation; Massage; Spend time pursuing hobbies...

6: Get enough sleep
Lack of sleep has the same effect on the body's immune system as stress. Lack of sleep disrupts the production of white blood cells, which are important components of the body's immune system. Adults should sleep at least 7 hours a day, while babies and children need between 8 and 17 hours of sleep depending on age.

7: Healthy diet
A healthy, balanced diet can improve everyone's health. People with weakened immune systems need a diet rich in vegetables and fruits to provide a variety of nutrients.

For example, if a person is immunocompromised because of cancer treatment, foodborne illnesses should be avoided by:

- Wash all fruits and vegetables before peeling
- Avoid undercooked meat, fish and eggs
- Timely cooling of food
- Choose pasteurized milk, juice

8: Regular exercise
Regular exercise keeps the body healthy. In addition to strengthening the body, exercise causes the body to release endorphins that reduce stress levels. However, people with weakened immune systems should be careful not to exercise too hard as this can further weaken the immune system.

Therefore, people with weak immune systems should avoid exercise:

- At too high a intensity
- Regular
- For long periods without stopping to rest
9: Consider taking supplements
Certain vitamins and minerals affect the immune system. For example, a person with vitamin C deficiency may have weakened immunity. Other vitamins and minerals that can affect immune function include:

- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Fe
- Folic Acid
- Zn

It's best to get these nutrients from food sources if possible, but multivitamins bought in health stores can also be used.

The immune system is a complex system of blood cells and organs, and it protects the body from pathogens. If a person finds themselves frequently sick and infected, they may have a weak immune system.

A person with a weakened immune system can take several steps at home to keep themselves healthy and maximize their immune function.

4. AIET . Autologous Immunotherapy

When the body's immune system is not working properly, cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation cannot effectively kill cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system, activate the cells to perform the task of recognizing and attacking cancer cells. From there, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment for surgical methods, chemotherapy and radiation... Autologous enhancement immunological therapy (AEIT) is a solution that meets the requirements. this.

The principle of AEIT therapy is to separate immune cells from the patient's peripheral blood, selectively culture them in a special medium to increase the number of immune cells, and then transfer these cells back into the body. the patient's own body. This therapy can use many different types of immune cells such as: Natural Killer cells (NK), cytotoxic T cells (CTL) ...

Currently, autologous immune cell therapy is performed in combination with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, there have been many scientific publications in the world showing that the combination of autologous immune cell transplantation with thermotherapy also significantly increases the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Autologous immunotherapy combined with low-dose heat and chemotherapy has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced cancer in patients already resistant to traditional cancer therapies.

25/04/2022

Things to know about Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B is one of the dangerous chronic diseases, causing the death of more than 600,000 people every year worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, there are currently more than 300 million people infected with Hepatitis B worldwide, this number is constantly increasing from 3 to 4 million people every year. Through the following article, we will provide the most general information about this disease.

1. Causes and routes of hepatitis B infection
Hepatitis B is caused by the HBV virus (Hepatitis B Virus). After infecting the body, the virus has an incubation period of 3 to 6 months depending on the condition of each person. It then becomes active and causes acute Hepatitis B. If after 6 months, the patient's body cannot be immune to the virus, the disease will turn to the chronic stage and be infected with the HBV virus for life. The following are some of the main routes of Hepatitis B transmission:

- First: Transmission from mother to child:
When pregnant women are infected with Hepatitis B virus, the rate of Hepatitis B infection for the fetus is very high, increasing gradually from pregnancy to delivery. In the first 3 months, the infection rate is 10% and the last 3 months increases to 60-70%. The risk of transmitting the disease to the fetus can be up to 90% if no timely protection measures are taken right after birth. 50% of these children may have chronic Hepatitis B and are at risk of cirrhosis in adulthood.

- Second: Sexually transmitted:
The HBV-DNA virus present in a man's semen or in a woman's vaginal secretions can infect his partner through small scratches during s*xual in*******se. Therefore, you should not have s*x indiscriminately, need to use protection when having s*x, do not have oral s*x or use unprotected s*x tools.

- Third: Transfusion through blood:
Medical incidents such as transfusion of blood containing Hepatitis B virus, use of medical equipment that is not cleaned or sterilized, containing the virus. Sharing needles, syringes, personal items such as razors, toothbrushes...Using cosmetic services, nailing, tattooing... while tools and machines are in use. unhygienic and contain disease-causing viruses.

2. Recognizing symptoms and diagnostic testing methods for hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus is a common worldwide disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The disease can be transmitted through blood, s*x, and from mother to child. If the mother is infected with HBV and has HBeAg (+), the chance of transmitting it to her baby is more than 80% and about 90% of the baby will be born with chronic HBV. Hepatitis B can be acute, in which more than 90% of cases completely recover, nearly 10% turn to chronic hepatitis and the final result is cirrhosis or liver cancer.

HBV belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae, has a DNA structure. Based on the sequence of nucleotides, HBV is divided into 10 different genotypes with symbols from A to J. HBV has 3 types of antigens HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg, corresponding to these 3 antigens are 3 types of anti- HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HBe. The presence of these antigens and antibodies is important in determining the disease, the disease form as well as the course of the disease. Currently, there is a prophylactic vaccine, which significantly reduces the number of people newly infected with HBV. Hepatitis B often has few obvious manifestations in the early stages with few symptoms, which is easy for patients to be subjective and ignore. Symptoms of Hepatitis B appear more and more pronounced when the disease has progressed for a long time. About 30 to 50% of people with Hepatitis B have the following physical symptoms:

- Fatigue, lethargy, weakness
- Anorexia, loss of appetite, fear of grease, digestive disorders, flatulence
- Yellow eyes, yellow skin, dark urine, pale stools
- Pain in the liver, located on the right side of the abdomen
- Mild fever in the afternoon, itchy feeling on the skin

The disease can often present as acute or chronic:

Acute stage:

- A history of blood or blood product transfusions, injection drug use, or unprotected s*x between 4 weeks and 6 months.
- Clinical: there may be symptoms of anorexia, fatigue, jaundice, less dark urine, pain in the liver, vomiting, nausea, discolored stools...

Subclinical:

- Elevated AST, ALT (liver enzymes) (usually more than 5 times the normal value).
- Elevated bilirubin, mainly direct bilirubin.
- HBsAg (+) or (-) and anti-HBc IgM (+)

Chronic phase:

Often subtle clinical symptoms are not obvious, laboratory tests often show:

- HBsAg (+) > 6 months or HBsAg (+) and Anti HBc IgG (+).
- ST, ALT (liver enzymes) increased intermittently or continuously for more than 6 months.
- Evidence of progressive histopathological damage, cirrhosis (as determined by liver biopsy or Fibroscan elastography)
To check if infected with Hepatitis B virus or not? The necessary tests and examinations to obtain sufficient diagnostic data include:

Need to check HBsAg positive or not? What is the amount of HBsAb?

If HBsAg is positive, proceed as follows:

1. Test: HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb.
2. Liver function test: Check the patient's liver damage.
3. Checking for HBV-DNA: Checking the replication status of the virus in the patient's body. The higher this index, the stronger the virus replication is, and the more infectious it is.
4. Ultrasound: Observe the changes of liver, bile, pancreas, this is very beneficial in treatment. Especially need Fibroscan ultrasound to detect cirrhosis early.
5. Liver biopsy: Through biopsied liver cells, you will know the extent of liver damage.
HBsAg negative, HBsAb < 100 IU/ml: Vaccination against hepatitis B virus is recommended.

3. Harms and complications of hepatitis B
After the incubation period, the Hepatitis B Virus begins to become active, attaches to the surface of liver cells, relies on the cytoplasm of liver cells to copy the genetic code, sprouts from hepatocytes and produces many cells. new cell. This whole process disrupts the functioning of liver cells, increasing the risk of complications.

Specific harms of Hepatitis B, including:

Causes impaired liver function: The activity of liver cells is destroyed from within the cells, gradually liver cells will be destroyed, leading to liver damage. At this time, the functions of the liver such as filtering blood, eliminating toxins, metabolizing chemicals, synthesizing substances... are all impaired.

Causes fatty liver: The activity of breaking down Triglycerides in the liver is reduced, causing fat to not be metabolized but accumulate to cause fatty liver.

Complications Cirrhosis: If left untreated or ineffectively treated, hepatitis B will lead to cirrhosis of the liver within 20 years or possibly earlier.

Complications Liver cancer: Hepatitis B virus increases the risk of malignant hepatocellular proliferation during the course of Hepatitis to Cirrhosis. Cancer complications usually occur within 10 years of cirrhosis.

4. Treatment of Hepatitis B
Currently, there is no cure for the HBV virus. Treatment methods only stop at controlling and inhibiting the activity of the virus, returning the virus to an inactive state, preventing the disease from recurring and its complications, and helping to restore liver function. Treatments for Hepatitis B include:

Use medicine:
Using the regimen of drugs Lamivudine, Tenofovir, Entercavir and injectable Interferon to inhibit the activity of the virus, prevent the intracellular reproduction of the virus. The cost of treatment with Interferon is still quite high, but if only treated with other drugs, the patient needs to take the drug for life.

New methods:
Techniques such as targeted therapy, ozone reverse infusion, virus dissociation are all effective in the treatment of Hepatitis B. New methods with the advantages of limited side effects, short treatment time and lower costs.

Ozone-carrying blood transfusion method:
Take 100 ml of the patient's blood, then add 100 ml of ozone in a 1:1 ratio so that the ozone molecule can adapt to the blood solution in the body, then inject it into the patient's body, without any side effects. , does not affect work and study, the whole process only needs 15-20 minutes.

Method to filter the virus out of the blood:
Using advanced medical equipment to accurately analyze the hidden virus in the liver, make the virus structure change in the most direct, fastest and most effective way, then quickly isolate the virus and destroy it. virus gene wall to avoid the replication and replication of the virus.

There are also a number of herbal remedies to help treat chronic diseases.

5. Prevention of Hepatitis B
Active room:

- Hepatitis B vaccine is given to all children within 24 hours of birth and subsequent doses at 2, 3 and 4 months of age under the expanded immunization program.
- Hepatitis B vaccine is given to people who are not already infected with HBV. HBsAg and anti-HBs should be tested prior to vaccination. To get effective immunity, need 3 injections (2nd dose 1 month after 1st injection, 3rd dose after 6 months).
- Hepatitis B vaccine for healthcare workers.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission:

- If the pregnant mother has HBsAg (+): Administer hepatitis B vaccine after birth to the baby according to the expanded immunization program and in combination with anti-HBV antibody injection for the baby. Should be injected at the same time but in two different locations. Then give the child a full dose of hepatitis B vaccine according to the provisions of the expanded immunization program.
- If pregnant mother has HBV-DNA > 106 copies/ml (200,000 IU/mL): Take antiretroviral drugs (lamivudine or tenofovir) from 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Re-test for HBV DNA 3 months after delivery to decide whether to discontinue the drug or continue treatment if the mother is eligible for treatment. Closely monitor the mother for hepatitis flare-ups.

Non-specific rooms:

- Screening of blood and blood products.
- Do not share needles and other piercing equipment.
- Safe s*x.
- Avoid contact with blood and secretions of patients infected with HBV.
- Take standard precautions similar to those of blood-borne diseases.

Health care - Dr.Andrew M. Siazon

30/04/2022

29/04/2022

28/04/2022

27/04/2022

26/04/2022

25/04/2022

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