31/01/2017
HEALTH TRIVIA
Menopause: What Is It?
Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation. It's a turning point, not a disease, but it can have a big impact on a woman's wellbeing. Although menopause can bring physical upheaval from hot flashes, night sweats, and other symptoms, it can also be the start of a new and rewarding phase of a woman's life -and a golden opportunity to guard against major health risks like heart disease and osteoporosis.
What Causes Menopause?
Age is the leading cause of menopause. It's the end of a woman's potential childbearing years, brought on by the ovaries gradually slowing down their function. Certain surgeries and medical treatment can induce menopause. Those include surgical removal of the ovaries (bilateral oopharectomy), chemotherapy, and pelvic radiation therapy. Having a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) without removing the ovaries does not lead to menopause, although you will not have periods anymore.
When Does Menopause Start?
On average, women are 51 at natural menopause, notes the National Institute on Aging. But menopause can start earlier or later. A few women start menopause as young as 40, and a very small percentage as late as 60. Women who smoke tend to go through menopause a few years earlier than nonsmokers. There is no proven way to predict menopause age. It's only after a woman has missed her periods for 12 straight months, without other obvious causes, that menopause can be confirmed.
Before Menopause, Perimenopause
Natural menopause happens gradually. The ovaries don't abruptly stop working; they slow down. The transition to menopause is called perimenopause. Menopause is a milestone -- it's the day that marks 12 months in a row since a woman's last period. During perimenopause, it's still possible to get pregnant -- a woman's childbearing years are winding down, and although her periods may become more unpredictable, her ovaries are still functioning and she still may ovulate, though not necessarily on a monthly basis.
Menopause: What to Expect
Menopause isn't a one-size-fits-all event. It affects each woman differently. Some women reach natural menopause with little to no trouble; others experience severe symptoms that drastically hamper their lives. And when menopause starts suddenly as a result of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, the adjustment can be tough. Here is a look at menopausal symptoms that many women experience, though the intensity can vary.
Signs & Symptoms
Not all women experience symptoms prior to or following menopause, which is defined as the time when a woman has naturally ceased having menstrual periods for one year. If menopausal symptoms occur, they may include:
•hot flashes
•night sweats
•pain during in*******se due to vaginal dryness, and
•increased anxiety or irritability.
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**Call Your Doctor About Menopause If:
You experience bleeding again after menopause -- after one year without having a period. Among other possibilities, bleeding may be a sign of uterine cancer, so you should see your doctor.
Your menopause symptoms are causing problems or interfering with your daily life. Your health care provider may be able to prescribe medications to help relieve your symptoms.
