UP Materials Science Society

UP Materials Science Society The UP Materials Science Society is a duly recognized nonprofit and academic student organization Tempered and Refined

15/04/2026

What does it take for humanity to return from the Moon—alive—while wrapped in a fireball hotter than molten lava?

In April 2026, Artemis II, the first crewed mission beyond low Earth orbit since 1972, carried astronauts on a historic journey around the moon—only to face its most dangerous phase on the way home: atmospheric re-entry. After nearly ten days in deep space the Orion spacecraft plunged back toward Earth at speeds approaching 25,000 mph (≈40,000 km/h). In minutes, it encountered temperatures of up to ~5,000°F (~2,760°C)—conditions intense enough to melt most metals. And yet, on April 10, 2026, Orion splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean, marking a textbook return and a major milestone in modern space exploration.

Witness the fiery science behind the safe return of Artemis II astronaut crew in this week’s Wisdom Wednesday!

Atmospheric re-entry is a violent thermodynamic event in which at hypersonic speeds, the spacecraft compresses air in front of it, generating extreme heat through aerodynamic heating and shockwave formation. The result is a plasma sheath that engulfs the capsule, cutting off communications and creating what astronauts often describe as riding a fireball.

How did Orion survive these dangerous conditions?

The Artemis II Orion capsule uses a heat shield material known as AVCOAT, similar to what was used during the preceding Artemis I spacecraft and the Apollo program more than 50 years ago. Rather than resisting heat indefinitely, AVCOAT is designed to decompose in a controlled and predictable manner. It consists of silica fibers embedded in an epoxy novolac resin, creating an ablative material. As temperature rises, the outer silica layer chars and forms a highly insulating quartz layer, while the resin pyrolyzes to produce gas. This process creates a protective barrier that blows away the hot plasma and carries heat away from the surface, ensuring that the underlying structure remains comparatively cool in spite of scorching external temperatures.

Equally important is how AVCOAT is structured. In its original Apollo-era form, the material was applied within a fiberglass honeycomb matrix, with 300,000 individual cells filled manually—creating a highly controlled geometry for ablation. This approach ensured uniform material distribution but required months to complete a single heat shield. For Orion, the manufacturing process changed significantly. Instead of injecting material into a monolithic honeycomb, engineers now produce AVCOAT in machined blocks or tiles, which are then bonded onto a composite-backed heat shield. This, however, introduced a new variable—how gases generated during ablation move through the material—which became critical after Artemis I.

When the uncrewed Artemis I capsule returned to Earth in 2022, post-flight inspection revealed unexpected cracking and localized loss of charred material across the heat shield. The root cause was traced to internal pressure build-up within the AVCOAT. Gases generated inside could not escape efficiently, causing some regions to experience spalling—chunks of material breaking away prematurely.

From a materials perspective, AVCOAT must be dense enough to maintain structural integrity under aerodynamic shear, yet permeable enough to allow decomposition gases to vent. Too little permeability leads to rising internal pressures and fracturing, while too much compromises the mechanical stability of the char layer. Artemis I revealed that this balance, while effective in principle, was not fully optimized in practice.

For Artemis II, rather than redesigning the entire material system, introducing significant delays, engineers addressed the problem through operational adjustments. The re-entry trajectory was modified to reduce thermal loading. Instead of using a skip-entry trajectory like in Artemis I, engineers opted for a steeper, direct re-entry. This reduces thermal exposure and inhibits excessive gas buildup, minimizing the risk of degradation observed in earlier missions.

Looking ahead to Artemis III, further refinements are expected. While AVCOAT remains the baseline material, its formulation and processing continue to evolve, particularly in response to improved understanding of high-temperature material behavior. Even decades after its original development for Apollo, AVCOAT is still being re-engineered—less as a finished solution, and more as a material system under continuous iteration.

Artemis II shows that returning from deep space is less about resisting extreme conditions and more about managing them. The Orion spacecraft does not “withstand” re-entry in the usual sense. It relies on materials that are expected to change, degrade, and respond in predictable ways under stress.

In that sense, Artemis II is not just a successful return, but a continuation of materials development. The heat shield did its job, but it also provided data on how it burned, how it fractured, and how it can be improved.

Content by: Jasmine M. Fria
Design by: Antonio Pacia and Paola Paragas

Are you ready to be WEISS-er? Access our references to learn more at tinyurl.com/upmssWW

Wisdom Wednesday is brought to you by the UP Materials Science Society. Want more knowledge? Stay tuned next week for another amazing Wisdom Wednesday!




08/04/2026

With summer fast approaching, everyone is trying their best to find ways to stay cool; from enjoying chilly mountain winds, to dipping into beach waters, to hanging out in an air conditioned cafe, or even staying in front of an electric fan at home. But staying cool isn’t just a problem for people; it’s also a challenge for computers. These machines tend to heat up as they consume electricity during processing, with heat being produced as a byproduct. This is why computers continue to evolve alongside advancements in cooling technologies. Recently, new breakthroughs have emerged to address these challenges, such as the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for cooling.

Learn more about how these materials beat the heat in this week’s Wisdom Wednesday!

Traditional cooling approaches often rely on slowing heat transfer, such as through insulation. However, electronics produce heat when converting electricity into processing power and when insulators are used, there is a risk of heat buildup and eventual overheating. Instead of simply slowing heat transfer, the goal shifts to stabilizing temperatures. This leads to leveraging the ability of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) to absorb and release heat from their surroundings, transferring it to a dedicated heat sink where it can safely dissipate. Through a property known as latent heat.

During a phase transition, temperature remains relatively constant as heat is used to break or reform intermolecular bonds. Latent heat refers to the energy required for this phase change, and a higher latent heat means more energy can be stored before the material fully transitions. Phase Change Materials leverage this high latent heat to absorb energy from their environment. When used as thermal paste/pads for a CPU, these materials provide an easier pathway for heat to flow out of the system because as PCMs heat up and soften, they fill in microscopic gaps, decreasing thermal resistance. The material of this thermal pad is typically a type of paraffin wax mixed in an adhesive, fine-tuned for a specific operating temperature to optimize performance. Generally, the most common materials used as PCMs are paraffin wax, salt hydrates, fatty acids, and engineered eutectic mixtures.

These ‘cool’ PCMs are also good when integrated in construction, apparel and storage. In these fields, PCMs are integrated into their respective materials, such as drywalls and fabrics. These materials are usually integrated into different materials by encapsulation. This process traps PCMs within a matrix, ensuring that when they melt, they remain structurally stable while still maintaining their primary function. But PCMs don’t just work in thermal paste. What is good about these examples is that not only are they good at keeping their surroundings cool, they also do well to keep things warm. After they have absorbed excess heat, as they cool down, they relax and release heat into their environment, stabilizing the temperature in the other direction. This explanation is similar to how pools feel cool in the morning but warmer at night.

As we can see, these “smart materials” are incredibly flexible and can adapt to environments at different temperatures while still maintaining as the cornerstone for modern infrastructures from computer cooling systems to cold chain storage and building cooling.

Content by: Jason Angelo Zafra
Design by: Soleil Aguilar

Are you ready to be WEISS-er? Access our references to learn more at tinyurl.com/upmssWW

Wisdom Wednesday is brought to you by the UP Materials Science Society. Want more knowledge? Stay tuned next week for another amazing Wisdom Wednesday!




HAWAK MO ANG BEAT🎵🎶, HAWAK MO AN… See more
01/04/2026

HAWAK MO ANG BEAT🎵🎶, HAWAK MO AN… See more

25/03/2026

A body lies cold on the ground. The crime scene is sealed by yellow tape, and a team of investigators sifts through the area for answers. The detectives zero in on alibis and motives, but the first witnesses do not speak. They glint under the light, cling to fabric, or settle in the dust: a hair fiber, a shard of glass, a trace of soil, a smear of residue. These silent remnants tell a story more precisely than most human accounts, and for forensic materials scientists, they are the key to truths that a perpetrator, or a narrative groomed to silence it, cannot entirely conceal. A Clue surfaces, a Gone Girl leaves a trail, a Zodiac reveals a pattern, Memento restores what was lost, Knives Out cut through deception, a Scream breaks the quiet, and even the Silence of the Lambs fails to keep the truth buried in this week’s Wisdom Wednesday.

The most gripping crime stories hinge on a breakthrough moment—when a fragment dismissed as trivial becomes the linchpin of the entire case. For a forensic materials scientist, this revelation is no surprise; it is the essence of their work. The smallest, most innocuous pieces of evidence, often invisible to the naked eye, can provide the most damning connections. These traces engage in a complex exchange, passing between victim, suspect, and environment in patterns no one can fully erase. Known as Locard’s Exchange Principle, it holds that material transfers occur whenever two things physically interact. This is why every point of contact is carefully scoured—because in piecing together those exchanges, investigators can reconstruct the sequence of events and expose the perpetrators’ trail.

Broken glass is more than a nuisance; it’s a storyteller in trace evidence. Suppose a window is smashed during a late-night operation. Investigators sweep up the fragments at the scene. Its refractive index acts like an optical ID card, showing exactly how it bends light. Elemental fingerprints from X-ray or laser analysis can tie shards to a particular batch or factory of origin. And then there are the fracture patterns—radial cracks, concentric rings, even bullet paths—that sketch the direction and sequence of impacts. A hole created by a high-velocity projectile, like a bullet, for instance, will be narrower at the point of entry and widen toward the exit point, forming a distinctive cone fracture.

Now picture a late-night struggle in a back alley. The suspect bolts, but a fiber from their clothes snags on the fence. To the naked eye, it’s just lint. To a forensic materials scientist, it’s a breadcrumb on the path to truth. Fibers come from everyday materials—cotton, polyester, nylon—yet each has unique traits. With polarized light microscopy, SEM, and infrared spectroscopy, scientists can pin down a fiber’s polymer structure and dye composition. Even fibers that look identical to us can reveal different “spectral signatures” under analysis. On their own, a single fiber is fragile evidence. But in patterns, fibers weave powerful testimony. In the infamous Atlanta Child Murders case, investigators tied rare green carpet fibers from multiple victims back to Wayne Williams’ home. A few overlooked fibers helped unravel one of America’s most chilling cases.

Meanwhile, fibers of a different nature—biological traces preserved in blood and tissue—helped solve the murder of Jennifer Laude in 2014. Meticulous DNA and autopsy work aided in clarifying a crime initially shrouded in ambiguity. Similarly, in the 2009 Maguindanao massacre, forensic anthropologists painstakingly reconstructed decomposed bodies from mass graves, confirming not only deaths but also the brutality of political violence. Every fragment, bone, and trace of clothing testified and resisted the attempts to obscure the scale and ferocity of the killings.

Even bullets and guns carry confessions in them. Rifling grooves in a barrel etch microscopic striations onto bullets, while firing pins leaves its own stamp on the casing. Together, they act like a weapon’s fingerprint. If a criminal tries to grind off a gun’s serial number? The metal “remembers.” Stamping distorts the grain structure beneath the surface, and with acid etching or magnetic particle inspection, investigators can coax erased numbers back into view. Modern 3D imaging and computer algorithms make these matches even sharper, giving hard numbers to back what examiners see. A firearm may be cold and silent, but under forensic scrutiny, it testifies to every shot it has ever fired. The 2017 killing of Kian delos Santos was initially reported as a shootout, but post-mortem and ballistic analyses uncovered inconsistencies with police claims, turning overlooked bullets into testimony that challenged official narratives.

Human rights organizations and international bodies, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, documented the Philippines’ anti-drug campaign launched in 2016 as a field of alleged extrajudicial killings, flagging patterns of violence, raising concerns about impunity, and calling for independent investigations into the thousands of deaths they described. At the ICC’s February 2026 confirmation hearing, prosecutors said Rodrigo Duterte was “pivotal” in the killings, alleging he created, funded, and armed death squads that targeted suspected drug users and dealers, and that the campaign claimed thousands of civilian lives, including children. These cases are not just headlines but contexts in which the forensic archive becomes a form of civic memory. In spaces where the machinery of accountability is strained, such empirical stubbornness matters more than ever.

In this “war against the poor,” death was not an accident of the streets; it was a method. A body hits the pavement, and the scene immediately begins to lie: a weapon appears, sachets of shabu are slipped into lifeless hands or pockets, a report is drafted, a narrative is scrubbed clean, and the killing is dressed up as routine. Yet every attempted erasure leaves residue, and in the ICC proceedings, that residue is finally being read aloud. The contrast is hard to miss: the accused now stands inside a formal legal process, while the thousands who died in the drug war never had the chance to be heard at all. Forensic traces then become not only a tool for conviction but a rebuke to impunity: the intractable, physical proof that contradicts staged encounters, coerced accounts, and polished press statements. Here, at last, everything is documented, argued, and heard.

In places where killings are politicized or where official policies have normalized lethal force, the laboratory can be a modest, bloody counterweight: quiet tests that tally what the street remembers, microscopic witnesses that survive attempts at erasure. That is why the work matters, not just for courtrooms, but for societies trying to answer the most dangerous question of all: whether anyone can get away with murder.

You can: Step 1. Discredit the witness. Step 2. Introduce a new suspect. Step 3. Bury the evidence. You may throw so much information at the jury that they walk into the deliberation room with one overwhelming feeling... doubt. But when the verdict comes, it isn’t the clever excuses, airtight alibis, or carefully rehearsed stories that crack a case and decide a fate—it’s the silent, enduring, and indisputable testimony of matter.

That’s how you know you won’t get away with murder. Justice will be served.

Content by: Sebastian Genesis Viduya
Design by: Jewelle Marie Buenaventura

Are you ready to be WEISS-er? Access our references to learn more at tinyurl.com/upmssWW

Wisdom Wednesday is brought to you by the UP Materials Science Society. Want more knowledge? Stay tuned next week for another amazing Wisdom Wednesday!




In solidarity with the Nationwide Transport Strike amid rising oil prices, the review session for 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦 𝟐 wi...
19/03/2026

In solidarity with the Nationwide Transport Strike amid rising oil prices, the review session for 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦 𝟐 will be rescheduled to 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟮𝟯, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟔 (𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆), 𝟓:𝟑𝟎 𝗣𝗠 - 𝟕:𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗠.

Join our review session by registering here: https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-Math22-LE2-25B

📅 Date: March 23, 2026 (Monday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

See you there!




NOTICE: In solidarity with the Nationwide Transport Strike today amid rising oil prices, the review session for 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦 𝟐 will be rescheduled to 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟮𝟯, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟔 (𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆), 𝟓:𝟑𝟎 𝗣𝗠 - 𝟕:𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗠.

Ilang “series” na ba ang 𝗇̶𝖺̶𝗉̶𝖺̶𝗇̶𝗈̶𝗈̶𝖽̶ nasolve mo?🤔⁉️

If you are still struggling with determining if a series converges or not, or finding the Taylor polynomial of a function - we can help you with that! 🧠💡

Join us in our 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐄 𝟐 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 this March 19, 2026 (Thursday) prepared by the University of the Philippines Materials Science Society (UP MSS)!

Secure your slot by registering here! https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-Math22-LE2-25B

📅 Date: March 23, 2026 (Monday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

‼️LIMITED SLOTS ONLY‼️

See you there!

Together with:
MMM Representatives




𝘐'𝘮 𝘧𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦, 𝘐 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭 𝘮𝘺 𝘴𝘬𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘔𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦, 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘐 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘶𝘱 𝘢𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶Alysa Liu’s captivating performance at ...
18/03/2026

𝘐'𝘮 𝘧𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦, 𝘐 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭 𝘮𝘺 𝘴𝘬𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵
𝘔𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦, 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘐 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘶𝘱 𝘢𝘵 𝘺𝘰𝘶

Alysa Liu’s captivating performance at the Olympic Figure Skating Exhibition Gala was truly an inspiring display, sparking interest and appreciation of the sport among Gen Zs with trending TikTok videos imitating the first few seconds of Miss Liu’s routine to the bop song Stateside. Expressions of sudden urge to take a leap, and yearn to gracefully spin flooded the platform, but what about the ice rink gives that feeling of confidence to showcase one’s passion through talent without much thought of what lies beneath their skates?

Presenting the cold, hard facts beneath every momentum-building glide in this week’s Wisdom Wednesday!

The planning and preparation of the ice before stepping into the rink is a crucial stage to achieve a safe and optimal environment for the skaters. To ensure the quality of the ice surface before use, the ice is made, maintained, and resurfaced through thermal processes that we know all too well—freezing, cooling, and melting. For step one, a certain arrangement is designed and followed to keep each component intact and functional when interacting, reducing future mishaps.

Constructing the skating rink is a delicate process, consisting of multiple layers of construction that often remains unappreciated. From the ground up: layers of soil, sand, and gravel act as drains for ground water. Upon settling on the location of your ice rink, we layer it with the antifreeze pipes above the soil to remove heat from the next layer and provide constant cooling below freezing temperature to maintain the ice surface. But why place the insulation layer between what keeps the ice solid and the ice itself? Seems contradicting doesn't it? Worry not as this specific order prevents the further freezing of the water layer deep into the ground leading to a possible structural failure of the concrete and ultimately ruining the rink, an expensive problem to deal with indeed!

Keeping the ice’s solid state for not just one routine but for the entire duration of events is the next challenge, one hurdle that materials science and engineering came to overcome. The tendency to consume significant amounts of energy in ice maintenance also poses an issue to the environment’s current state. Imagine running an olympic-sized refrigerator for months! For the Milano Ice Skating Arena, also known as the Unipol Forum who hosted this year’s ice skating competitions in the 2026 Olympics, a CO2 refrigeration system was utilized to meet the olympic-ice standards while keeping low Global Warming Potential in mind, bringing awareness to natural refrigerants for low impact on the Earth’s climate. As investigated by Nguyen (2012), relative to the traditional coolant options such as NH3/Brine and CO2/Brine, a full CO2 system is more favorable in terms of efficiency and cost: 30-60% lower energy consumption and approximately 13% cheaper with good performance. To think that what started out as an idea to keep your produce cool and fresh, became an effective larger scale solution!

In the final stage of ice rink construction lies the fate of every skater during each breathtaking performance. In the spirit of a fair competition, the ice’s surface must be of the same quality for every act. Ever noticed those slow, go-kart looking vehicles that get cut when going into commercials or breaks? These are called ice resurfacer machines or a “zamboni,” a skater’s friend to a bump and skid-free beginning of their act as they carry out that flawless run they’ve been perfecting during rehearsals. Zambonis get to work by evening out the friction mark-covered upper layer of the ice through removal of debris and addition of hot water that makes it look like the initial stage of the ice rink before the competition even started. Alas our indoor ice rink has been constructed!

While often seeing the spotlight on the skater’s outstanding performances, one must not fail to see the support provided by science in weather-defying conditions. Be it a cold yet stable surface to land on during a hot summer day, materials science and engineering will provide a way!

Content by: Karolina Lopez
Design by: Andrea Natividad and Sean Santos

Are you ready to be WEISS-er? Access our references to learn more at tinyurl.com/upmssWW

Wisdom Wednesday is brought to you by the UP Materials Science Society. Want more knowledge? Stay tuned next week for another amazing Wisdom Wednesday!




NOTICE: In solidarity with the Nationwide Transport Strike today amid rising oil prices, the review session for 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 ...
17/03/2026

NOTICE: In solidarity with the Nationwide Transport Strike today amid rising oil prices, the review session for 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦 𝟐 will be rescheduled to 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟮𝟯, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟔 (𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆), 𝟓:𝟑𝟎 𝗣𝗠 - 𝟕:𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗠.

Ilang “series” na ba ang 𝗇̶𝖺̶𝗉̶𝖺̶𝗇̶𝗈̶𝗈̶𝖽̶ nasolve mo?🤔⁉️

If you are still struggling with determining if a series converges or not, or finding the Taylor polynomial of a function - we can help you with that! 🧠💡

Join us in our 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝟐𝟐 𝐋𝐄 𝟐 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 this March 19, 2026 (Thursday) prepared by the University of the Philippines Materials Science Society (UP MSS)!

Secure your slot by registering here! https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-Math22-LE2-25B

📅 Date: March 23, 2026 (Monday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

‼️LIMITED SLOTS ONLY‼️

See you there!

Together with:
MMM Representatives




11/03/2026

What do you do with millions of tons of radioactive water?

On March 11, 2011, a massive 9.0 earthquake and a subsequent tsunami struck the east coast of Japan’s Tōhoku region, resulting in one of the most devastating catastrophes in recent history. With an estimated 23,000 casualties, and 400,000 infrastructures damaged amounting to approximately $195 billion to as much as $305 billion - no wonder the disaster is remembered as the “Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster.”

Among the damaged infrastructures is the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant which is built at the coast of the Ōkuma, Fukushima. The plant's emergency generators and cooling systems were damaged by the tsunami, leading to overheating and the meltdown of three of the plant’s nuclear reactor cores - this became known as the “Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster.” As a result, water had to be continuously pumped in to cool the debris and prevent further radioactive decay, keeping the damaged reactors stable, creating thousands of tons of radioactive water. To safely manage this radioactive wastewater, the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) was developed.

Let’s explore and dive deeper—not into the radioactive water—in this week’s Wisdom Wednesday!

ALPS works like a giant chemical sponge and sieve, designed to remove 62 types of radioactive materials from the contaminated water. Before entering ALPS, radioactive wastewater undergoes pre-treatment to remove oil and suspended solids through mechanical filtration, and highly concentrated isotopes such as cesium-137 and strontium-90 by performing chemical precipitation and using adsorbent minerals such as zeolites and titanium-based adsorbents. This pre-treatment acts as an initial filtration, removing most concentrated contaminants so the ALPS can efficiently capture the remaining trace of radionuclides.

Once pre-treated, the water flows through 16 adsorption towers comprising 14 primary towers and 2 polishing towers. Inside each tower are adsorbent materials such as iron oxides, titanates, activated carbon, and ion-exchange compounds, capturing radioactive ions by selectively binding contaminants like strontium, iodine, and antimony. Each of the 14 primary towers target different radionuclides, allowing the ALPS to progressively remove contaminants as the water passes through the stages. The final two towers act as polishing filters for final adsorption, capturing any remaining trace isotopes.

Despite all these, the ALPS cannot remove tritium (³H), a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons instead of none. Tritium forms tritiated water (HTO or T₂O) by replacing the normal hydrogen atom (¹H) attached to water (H₂O, which is chemically identical to normal water). Because of this, the conventional filtration and adsorption processes made by the ALPS cannot separate it efficiently. Tritium emits beta radiation (ß), which cannot pe*****te human skin, but becomes a larger risk when ingested often in the form of tritiated water since it can easily spread to different parts of the body.

Since August 2023, Japan has begun gradually releasing ALPS-treated water diluted with seawater into the Pacific Ocean to lower the concentration of tritium being released. This project is expected to continue for about 30 years with the ultimate goal of being part of decommissioning the Fukushima Daiichi site. While debated internationally, monitoring organizations state the treated water meets safety standards.

When asked, “What do you do with millions of tons of radioactive water?” The answer lies in systems like ALPS, where engineered materials help with the site recovery, removing radioactive contaminants, and making long-term cleanup possible.

Content by: Lyn Mary A. Blancaflor
Design by: Soleil Jumaquio and Yzhae Villaruel

Are you ready to be WEISS-er? Access our references to learn more at tinyurl.com/upmssWW

Wisdom Wednesday is brought to you by the UP Materials Science Society. Want more knowledge? Stay tuned next week for another amazing Wisdom Wednesday!




Good news MatE 21 takers!The registration for our MatE 21 LE 1 review session is still ongoing. Join us on March 12 (Thu...
10/03/2026

Good news MatE 21 takers!

The registration for our MatE 21 LE 1 review session is still ongoing. Join us on March 12 (Thursday) and learn the fundamentals of materials science and engineering with UP MSS!⚛️🔬

Secure your slot by registering here: https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-Physics72MatE21-LE1-25B

𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐄 𝟐𝟏 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
📅 Date: March 12, 2026 (Thursday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

See you there!

Together with:
MMM Representatives




[EDIT: The review session for Physics 72 LE 1 will now be moved to tomorrow, March 5, 2026. While the review session for MatE 21 will be moved next week, March 12, 2026.]

Sunod-sunod na ang mga exam kaya naman the grind never stops!😵‍💫🧑‍🎓

We are inviting you to join our 𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝟕𝟐 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 tomorrow, March 5, 2026 (Thursday) and our 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐄 𝟐𝟏 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 this March 12, 2026 (Thursday) prepared by the University of the Philippines Materials Science Society (UP MSS) !⚡🔬

Secure your slot by registering here: https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-Physics72MatE21-LE1-25B

𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝟕𝟐 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
📅 Date: March 5, 2026 (Thursday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐄 𝟐𝟏 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧
📅 Date: March 12, 2026 (Thursday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

‼️LIMITED SLOTS ONLY‼️

See you there!

Together with:
MMM Representatives





Does your mind glitch  when working with m̶̙̫̖̙̥̗̱̉̉̂̇̎͝͝ắ̶̧̛̟̜͈̳̿͘͜t̸͉̬̪̎̃̕̕͝r̶̨̳̤̜̜̖̩̹͓͂̾̓̋̇̒͜i̷̡̞̫̦͓̅͐̂͂͘͝c̷̈͆͗͆̅͂́...
09/03/2026

Does your mind glitch when working with m̶̙̫̖̙̥̗̱̉̉̂̇̎͝͝ắ̶̧̛̟̜͈̳̿͘͜t̸͉̬̪̎̃̕̕͝r̶̨̳̤̜̜̖̩̹͓͂̾̓̋̇̒͜i̷̡̞̫̦͓̅͐̂͂͘͝c̷̳̣̺͔͇̭̞̈͆͗͆̅͂́̐̓̋e̷̙̲̽͛̓͊s̵̨̝̠͙̜͐͠?😵‍💫 Do you get lost in 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙮𝙞𝙣𝙜 numbers arranged in an array of rows and columns? 😵🔢

Don’t worry! Like how Morpheous guided Neo, the University of the Philippines Materials Science Society (UP MSS) is here to help you effortlessly solve any matrices you encounter!🙂‍↕️✨

Take the red pill and join us in our 𝐌𝐌𝐌𝐄 𝟐𝟏 𝐋𝐄 𝟏 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐒𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 this March 13, 2026 (Friday) - prepared by the University of the Philippines Materials Science Society (UP MSS)!

Secure your slot by registering here: https://tinyurl.com/UPMSS-MMME21-LE1-25B

📅 Date: March 13, 2026 (Friday)
🕓 Time: 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
📍 Venue: TBA

‼️LIMITED SLOTS ONLY‼️

See you there!

Together with:
MMM Representatives






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