30/08/2021
Here you go, you are pregnant 🤰: congratulations! A key question you are probably wondering is: what should I eat? 🤔
Of course nothing is better than an evolutive and customized diet during these very important 9-months period of time, but I will try to give you the basics here 👇👇👇
🍾 ☕️ Before talking about food, I’d like to mention drinks. Water is key for all the population, and even more for pregnant women, in particular to prevent constipation and the risk of developing urinary tract infections. Our organism needs 1ml of water per kcal eaten, meaning pregnant women need to drink more water during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
If water is the only needed drink, coffee and tea can still be consumed, but without excess (maximum 2 per day) due to their stimulating effect that crosses the placental barrier. Alcohol has of course to be banned, and ideally also sweet drinks and colas as they disrupt blood sugar (I will talk about gestational diabetes more in details in another article).
👉 Now let’s talk about macro-nutrients:
🍗 During the 9-months of pregnancy, 900 to 1000g of proteins will be needed for the fetus and its annexes (placenta, breast, blood…) to develop. 2nd half of pregnancy needs more than 75% of this amount. As mentioned in a precedent article (www.facebook.com/100235944868379/posts/279075856984386), an adult needs to eat about 0.8g of protein per day per kg of your body weight.
During pregnancy, you can add 1g per day during 1st trimester, 9g per day during 2nd trimester and 28g per day during the last one. As such, if you used to weight 55kg before pregnancy, you should eat about 45g of proteins during T1, 53g during T2, 72g during T3. If your husband weights 90kg, it will be the same amount of proteins than him during your T3 😅
In order to avoid increasing too much saturated lipids intake, I would advise to go for chicken, eggs, fish, pulses and cereals.
🥑 Regarding lipids, there is no particular needs during pregnancy apart from DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid, a type of omega-3). As such, as for general population, my advice is to favor unsaturated fats and in particular omega 3 which are present in cold-water fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines), nuts and seeds (flaxseed, chia seeds, walnuts) and some plant oils (more info: www.facebook.com/100235944868379/posts/293157968909508).
🍒 Carbohydrates are key for the fetus to develop, but be careful to favor those that do not provoke brutal changes in your glycemia (to prevent gestational diabetes).
👉 Main micro-nutrients:
🥦 Fibers are a key nutrient to prevent gestational diabetes (hypoglycemic effect) as well as constipation. This is particularly true from the 6th month of pregnancy. Fibers intake do not have to be increased and should be around 30g per day, which half in soluble form.
A diet with fresh vegetables and fruits at every meal as well as wholegrain cereals and pulses is sufficient to cover your needs in fibers.
🥛 Needs in calcium are increased to build the fetus’ skeletal, yet our bodies are magical. Pregnant women organisms experience several physiological adaptations allowing the fetus to use maternal calcium without impacting the future mum needs: better intestinal absorption of calcium, reinforced calcium storage in bones, less calcium eliminated in urines.
As such, calcium intake does not have to be increased (950 – 1000 mg per day).
🍳 Similarly, iron needs are increased during pregnancy and the organism adapts, particularly through better intestinal absorption capacities.
Yet, during 3rd trimester iron intake should be majored (from 16mg per day to 30 mg per day), with a mix of haem iron (meat, fish) and non-haem iron (eggs, pulses). In general, there is no need to be supplemented in iron (but please do check your blood analysis).
🦪 Magnesium, zinc and iodine are important during pregnancy, but a supplementation is not necessary with a balanced diet containing whole grains, nuts and seeds, pulses, seafood.
🥬 Folates is the naturally form of B9 vitamin found in food (the synthetic one, often given as a supplement, is called folic acid). It is important to consume enough folates during pregnancy (400 μg per day until 12th week without menstruations).
Main sources are leafy green vegetables (cabbage, kale, spinach), liver, yeast, egg yolk, broccoli, brussels sprouts, peas, chickpeas, kidney beans.
🐟 D-vitamin has a key role in the fetus mineralization: if fatty fish is the best source in terms of food, solar radiations remain the best.
🍊 C-vitamin has an immuno-stimulant role, and favor absorption of non-haem iron: go for raw fruits and vegetables (C-vitamin is thermo-sensitive) and in particular lemon, orange, bell-pepper, cruciferous, blackcurrant, kiwi, papaya, guava.
And most important advice: listen to your body, which knows better than anyone else what you need!
My role as a nutritionist and coach is mostly to avoid mistake, and to help you learn on how to listen to your body, which most of us have forgotten. It is key during pregnancy, but also before… and after 🤩
Ladies (and men who take care of them), please feel free to ask 👇👇👇 if you have any question relative to food during pregnancy!