29/12/2025
MENINGITIS – A MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can progress rapidly and become life-threatening if not treated early.
🔹 Causes: Bacterial, viral, fungal, tuberculous & parasitic infections
🔹 Most dangerous: Bacterial meningitis – requires immediate treatment
🔹 Classic triad:
✔️ Fever
✔️ Severe headache
✔️ Neck stiffness
⚠️ Other symptoms:
• Nausea & vomiting
• Photophobia
• Altered mental status
• Seizures
• Rash (meningococcal)
• In infants: bulging fontanelle, poor feeding, high-pitched cry
🧪 Diagnosis: Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis), blood cultures, CT/MRI
💊 Treatment: IV antibiotics, antivirals/antifungals, corticosteroids
❗ Complications: Hearing loss, seizures, brain damage, hydrocephalus
💉 Prevention: Vaccination (Hib, pneumococcal, meningococcal)