28/02/2024
Screen Time Affect the Sleep-Wake Cycle?
The human sleep-wake cycle is a circadian rhythm that mostly takes cues from sunlight. When it is bright outside, people become more alert. When it becomes dark, the body produces a hormone called melatonin that induces sleepiness.
Smartphones, tablets, computers, television screens, and some e-readers give off short-wavelength blue light that is very similar to sunlight. Not only does this light make people more alert, it also deceives the body into thinking it is still daytime.
In response, the body produces less melatonin, interfering with the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. The longer you spend on your screen, the greater the consequences for your sleep.
Screen time is linked to a host of insomnia symptoms esp. teenagers. By delaying the release of melatonin, screen time lengthens the time it takes to fall asleep and leads to less restful sleep overall. As the majority of teens have strict school start times, a later bedtime typically results in fragmented sleep and increased next-day sleepiness. Over time, consistently late weekday bedtimes and catch-up sleep on the weekend disrupt the circadian rhythm.
Scientists believe that children and adolescents may be extra sensitive to the effects of blue light because their eyes let more light in. For this reason, limiting evening screen time for children and adolescents is especially important to prevent sleep problems.
In addition to suppressing melatonin levels, screen time for teens may directly reduce sleep time. Engaging in exciting content before bedtime or using social media
can boost alertness and impede sleepiness. Alertness and melatonin levels can also be affected by passive technology, such as a television running in the background or a smartphone that emits sounds, vibrations, and light.
There is some debate about if screen time actually causes insomnia in teens, or if teens who have trouble sleeping are more likely to use screens at night. To make matters more complicated, excessive mobile phone use has been linked to symptoms of depression and anxiety, which are additional risk factors for insomnia. It may be that sleep, screen time, and negative emotions interact to exacerbate unhealthy behaviors.
The prevailing opinion among health experts is that screen time has a greater effect on insomnia than vice-versa. Studies show that 57% of teens who use technology in the bedroom suffer from sleep problems, and teens consistently report worse sleep when they have a television or small screen, such as a smartphone, in the bedroom.
Ideally, the bedroom should be a screen-free zone. Reserving the bedroom for sleep helps the brain wind down and associate the space with sleep. However, it is not always feasible to keep technology out of the bedroom. If your teen must use technology in the bedroom, ask them to turn their devices off about an hour before bedtime. Glasses or applications designed to filter out blue light also appear to minimize disruptions to teenagers’ sleep.
To help teenagers adopt healthy screen habits, parents and caregivers should strive to be positive role models by limiting their own screen use.