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Friday 09:00 - 17:00 Saturday 09:00 - 17:00 Sunday 09:00 - 17:00

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Valley Eye care centre, VALLEY EYE CARE CENTRE , Mansehra Road abbottabad, Abbottabad (2025)

Q: What is the address?

VALLEY EYE CARE CENTRE , Mansehra Road Abbottabad

13/09/2025

Macular Coloboma

06/04/2025

Unilateral Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease:
◾VKH disease is a multisystem disorder that affects the eye, inner ear, skin and meninges.
◾The characteristic ocular manifestations are severe bilateral panuveitis with iridocyclitis, serous retinal detachment, diffuse choroidal swelling and optic disc hyperemia. These findings are typically bilateral, but the severity may be asymmetric.
◾Reports of unilateral VKH are meagre.
◾A 14-year-old male presented with a history of sudden decrease in vision in the right eye for 3 weeks.
◾There was no history of tinnitus, vertigo, headache, neck stiffness, alopecia, trauma or previous ocular surgery.
◾On examination, the BCVA was 20/600 in the right eye and 20/20 in left eye.
◾The slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a quiet anterior chamber with 1+ vitreous cells, and the left eye was unremarkable. IOP was normal bilaterally.
◾Disc edema and serous retinal detachment with subretinal precipitates at the posterior pole were present on the fundus examination of the right eye. The fundus examination of the left eye was normal.
◾FFA results included staining of the disc with multiple pinpoint leaks in the early arterio-venous phase and pooling of the dye in the subretinal space during the late arterio-venous phase of angiogram in the right eye.
◾On B-scan ultrasonography, choroidal thickness was 3.2 mm in the right eye and 1.3 mm in the left eye, respectively.
◾Subretinal fluid with internal limiting membrane striae in the right eye was present on OCT and the left eye was unremarkable.
◾Laboratory investigations revealed an increased ESR and rheumatoid arthiritis factor while fluorescent antinuclear antibody was negative.
◾The patient was diagnosed with unilateral VKH disease. MRI studies of the brain and orbit were normal.
◾It is important to recognize unilateral VKH disease even though it is a rare clinical variant of the disease.
Credit: www.journals.lww.com/mejo

04/03/2025

Henry Eales
British ophthalmologist, Consultant in Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital, Born 1852, Newton Abbot; died 1913.
Eales' disease = Idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the retinal vessels (mainly veins) with recurrent vitreous and retinal haemorrhages giving sudden visual impairment. It is thought to be related to tuberculosis
A typical fundus picture in Eales’ disease. The colour fundus (top left) of right eye shows obliterated vessels as white lines (arrows), surrounded by retinal haemorrhages; the corresponding angiogram (top right) shows areas of capillary nonperfusion (arrow head) distal to the obliterated vessels. The colour fundus photograph of the left eye (bottom left) shows several areas of obliterated vessels, and suspected new vessels; the corresponding fluorescein angiograph (bottom right) confirms the retinal new vessels, and an extensive area of capillary non perfusion.

25/02/2025

Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease:
Credit: on photo.

10/02/2025

Dragged Disc from Retinopathy of Prematurity:
Credit: on photo.

31/01/2025

WHAT ARE INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS?

Intravitreal injection is a treatment where medication is injected into the vitreous gel of the eye. It is used to treat conditions such as:

✅ Diabetic Retinopathy
✅ Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
✅ Macular Edema
✅ Retinal Vein Occlusion
✅ Eye Inflammation & Uveitis
✅ Other Retinal Fluid Leaks

📌 This procedure is performed by a Retina Specialist.

30/01/2025

Type 3 Neovascularization or Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP):
◾RAP is a neovascularization that starts at the retina and progresses posteriorly into sub retinal space; eventually the neovascularization reaches the choroidal circulation and forms retinal-choroidal anastomoses.
◾This is distinct from CNV in AMD which originates from the choroid and can erode through the RPE and communicate with the retinal circulation through a different mechanism, resulting in a chorioretinal anastomosis.
◾Stages:
Three stages were originally described:
➖Stage I: Intraretinal Neovascularization (IRN):
Vascular proliferation originates from the deep capillary plexus of the retina in the paramacular area and is confined within the retina, as a retinal-retinal anastomosis. Intraretinal haemorrhage and edema are common. Telagiectatic vessels can be seen around the IRN, presumably as a compensatory response to the increased vascular perfusion needed by the IRN.
➖Stage II: Subretinal Neovascularization (SRN):
Neovascularization invades sub retinal space (above/superficial to the RPE). Neurosensory and serous PED can be found, together with increasing edema of the retina and hemorrhages in the pre-retinal and intraretinal spaces.
➖Stage III: Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV):
Choroidal neovascularization (subretinal pigment epithelium) is present. It can be associated with vascularized PED. A retinal-choroidal anastomosis is formed.
◾Clinical diagnosis:
➖The initial lesion is located extrafoveally, presumably because of lack of capillaries in the foveal avascular zone.
➖The presence of small macular hemorrhages, sometimes punctiform, often multiple, associated with edema in an eye with soft drusen, is highly suggestive of RAP in its initial stages.
➖Hemorrhages can be pre, intra or subretinal. Large subretinal hemorrage is rarely seen in stages I and II.
➖As angiogenesis progresses, tortuous, dilated retinal vessels, sometimes showing retino-retinal anastomoses can be found.
➖Involvement is typically bilateral, with 80% of fellow eyes affected after 1 year and 100% before 3 years.
Credit: www.eyewiki.org
Photo Credit: OCTCLUB.

28/11/2024

👁️✨ Your Guide to Better Eye Health ✨👁️

Did you know that taking small steps daily can significantly improve your eye health? Here’s everything you need to know to keep your vision sharp and healthy for years to come!

1️⃣ Consume dark, leafy greens 🥬 – They’re packed with nutrients essential for eye health.
2️⃣ Focus on foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin 🥚 – Like eggs and spinach, these antioxidants help protect your eyes from harmful light.
3️⃣ Use the 20/20/20 rule 👀 – Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. It reduces digital eye strain.
4️⃣ Keep proper distance from electronics 📱 – Avoid holding your phone too close or sitting too close to screens.
5️⃣ Practice good posture 💻 – Proper ergonomics reduce strain and fatigue on your eyes.
6️⃣ Protect your eyes from direct sun exposure 🕶️ – Always wear UV-protective sunglasses outdoors.
7️⃣ Get an annual eye exam 📋 – Early detection is key for maintaining healthy vision.
8️⃣ Optimize your gut health 🍎 – A healthy gut promotes overall well-being, including your eyes.

Start incorporating these habits today to take care of your eyes—they deserve it! 👓💡

29/09/2024

Postcataract surgery optic neuropathy (PCSON):
▪️There appear to be two types of PCSON:
➖An immediate optic neuropathy occurring hours to days following apparently uncomplicated surgery, and
➖A delayed form that occurs several weeks or months postoperatively.
1) Immediate:Increased intra- or perioperative IOP results in poor blood supply to the optic disc and, ultimately, ischemia. Some researchers also have suggested that vascular compression or direct optic nerve trauma from the retrobulbar injection may cause immediate PCSON.
2)Delayed: In contrast, IOP does not appear to be a risk factor for delayed PCSON.
▪️Risk Factors:
➖Some of the standard risk factors for spontaneous NAION may contribute to both forms of PCSON.
➖These include small cup-to-disc ratio, obesity, a history of smoking, and vascular issues such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia—but, interestingly, these may be less common in PCSON than in spontaneous NAION.
▪️Immediate PCSON appears to be related to negative perfusion pressure at the level of the optic disc due to increased intraocular pressure.
▪️The pathogenesis of delayed PCSON is unknown but probably multifactorial.
▪️Patients who have experienced spontaneous NAION or PCSON in one eye may be at risk of PCSON in the fellow eye.
▪️Photo: NAION:
➖(Top) Fundus image shows a swollen optic nerve with retinal nerve fiber layer hemorrhages in the peripapillary area and indistinct changes at the fovea.
➖(Bottom) Macular line scan through the optic nerve head and fovea shows intraretinal fluid (white arrowhead) and subfoveal fluid (red arrow).
Credit: www.aao.org

11/08/2024

Foveal crack sign (FCS):
▪️The FCS is characterized by a vertical hyperreflective line in the foveola.
▪️Notably, this sign was found to precede macular hole formation after PPV for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.
▪️Specifically, appearance of the FCS was identified in 100% of cases that had developed a macular hole after PPV for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.
▪️In addition to the presence of FCS, these eyes also developed parafoveal ERM.
▪️Given the predictive value of this biomarker, patients who undergo PPV for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair should be monitored closely for the presence of FCS.
Credit: www.retina-specialist.com

04/08/2024

LASER AND DR
Laser photocoagulation is still first-line therapy in the management of PDR, as described in the ETDRS more than 25 years ago.However, following certain guidelines can pave the way to better outcomes.
LASER AND DME
Laser has become second-line therapy for center-involved DME, as it has been replaced by intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF and steroidal agents. Laser still has a role in the treatment of DME, but it should always be combined with good glycemic control (HbA1C of 7% or less). Laser needs 2 to 3 months to take effect, and its effect can last up to 18 weeks.

Valley Eye care centre

13/09/2025

06/04/2025

04/03/2025

25/02/2025

10/02/2025

31/01/2025

30/01/2025

28/11/2024

29/09/2024

11/08/2024

04/08/2024

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