27/05/2025
Non-Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes Mellitus focuses on lifestyle changes and patient education to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications. These strategies are essential for Type 2 Diabetes, but also support patients with Type 1 and Gestational Diabetes.
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1. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)
Balanced Diet:
High in fiber, low in saturated fats and refined sugars.
Emphasize whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins.
Carbohydrate Counting (esp. Type 1).
Portion Control.
Low Glycemic Index Foods.
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2. Physical Activity
Aerobic Exercise: 150 minutes/week (e.g., brisk walking, cycling).
Resistance Training: 2–3 times/week (e.g., weight lifting).
Benefits:
Improves insulin sensitivity.
Helps with weight control.
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3. Weight Management
Target: 5–10% weight loss in overweight/obese patients.
Helps lower blood glucose and blood pressure.
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4. Patient Education
Diabetes self-management education (DSME).
Recognizing hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia symptoms.
Proper use of glucometers and insulin (if needed).
Foot care and infection prevention.
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5. Behavioral Support
Set realistic goals.
Stress management (e.g., yoga, meditation).
Address emotional challenges of living with diabetes.
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6. Smoking Cessation & Alcohol Moderation
Smoking increases cardiovascular risk.
Limit alcohol intake; monitor for hypoglycemia with alcohol use.
