13/10/2023
🌐Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses disorders of the temporomandibular joint and its associated anatomical structures.
🌐Symptoms
-Pain in the chewing muscles and/or jaw joint (most common symptom).
-Pain that spreads to the face or neck.
-Jaw stiffness.
-Limited movement or locking of the jaw.
-Painful clicking, popping, or grating in the jaw joint when opening or closing the mouth.
-Ringing in the ears, hearing loss, or dizziness.
🌐Test::-
Test the mobility of your neck
Can you put 3 fingers vertically into your mouth when opening as wide as possible? When your bite is 'off' it can put a lot of stress on the muscles in your jaw and neck which will prevent you from opening and closing your mouth properly. To test your neck, stand in front of a mirror.
(2)Dental X-rays to examine your teeth and jaw.
(3)CT scan to provide detailed images of the bones involved in the joint.
(4)MRI to reveal problems with the joint's disk or surrounding soft tissue.
🌐Pharmacological treatment
There are several types of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications that can ease TMJ symptoms, including:
°Pain relievers like acetaminophen.
°Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen.
°Muscle relaxers (particularly helpful for people who clench or grind their teeth).
°Antidepressants (which can change how your body interprets pain).
🌐Physical therapy Treatment
1⃣Education. Your physical therapist will discuss the cause of your TMD and educate you about:
°Proper posture and body mechanics.
°Tongue resting position.
°Eating a soft diet when appropriate.
°Exercise.
°A self-management routine.
Patient education aims to reduce your discomfort and prevent future aggravation and symptoms.
2⃣Relaxed jaw exercise
Place your tongue behind your upper front teeth on the top of your mouth. Relax your jaw muscles thus allowing your teeth to fall apart.
3⃣ Goldfish exercises (partial opening)
Place one finger in front of your ear, where your TMJ is located, and your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Place your chin on your middle or pointer finger. Lower the jaw halfway and then close it. There should be some resistance, but it should not be painful. Placing one finger on each TMJ while dropping your lower jaw halfway and closing it again is a variant of this exercise. In one sequence, repeat this exercise six times. One collection should be done six times a day.
4⃣Goldfish exercises (full opening)
Place one finger on your TMJ and another on your chin while keeping your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Return your lower jaw to its natural position. Place one finger on each TMJ as you fully drop your lower jaw and back for a variation of this exercise. To complete one set, repeat this exercise six times. One collection should be completed six times a day.
5⃣Chin tucks
Pull your head straight down, making a “double chin,” with your shoulders down and chest up. Hold for three seconds and then repeat for a total of ten times.
6⃣Resisted opening of the mouth
Underneath your chin, position your thumb. Slowly open your mouth, softly pressing against your jaw for resistance. Hold for three to six seconds before slowly closing your mouth.
7⃣Resisted closing of the mouth
Squeeze the chin with one hand’s index and thumb. Place gentle pressure on your chin when closing your mouth. This will aid in the strengthening of the muscles that aid in chewing.
8⃣Tongue up
Slowly open and close your mouth with your tongue meeting the roof of your mouth.
9⃣Side-to-side jaw movement
Place a 14-inch item between your front teeth, such as stacked tongue depressors, and slowly shift your jaw from side to side. Increase the thickness of the item between your teeth as the exercise becomes simpler by piling them one on top of the other.
🔟Forward jaw movement
In between your front teeth, place a 14-inch object. Bring your lower jaw forward, putting your bottom teeth in front of your top teeth. Increase the thickness of the item between the teeth as the exercise becomes easier.
🌐Modalities.
These may include using treatments such as °heat or ice,
°Ultrasound therapy-->This treatment uses sound waves to deliver heat deep into your tissues. It increases blood flow and promotes muscle relaxation.
°TENS--> This method uses low-level electrical currents to relax your jaw muscles
°Lazer therapy,
°Accupuncture,
°or other tools to prepare your soft-tissue for manual (hands-on) therapy
🌐Manual Therapy
The Protocols of mixed manual therapy techniques, upper cervical mobilization or manipulation, had considerable evidence for TMD symptom control and improvement in maximum mouth opening. The manual techniques included intra-oral myofascial release and massage therapy on masticatory muscles, atlanto-occipital joint thrust manipulation, and upper cervical spine mobilization.
🌐 Mouth Guard
Dental appliances like oral splints or mouth guards can place your jaw in a more favorable position or help reduce the effects of grinding and clenching. While you can buy these over the counter, it’s best to get a custom mouth guard from a dentist.
🌐Surgery
TMJ arthroscopy
Open-joint surgery
Arthrocentesis