30/09/2023
𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗜𝗦 𝗦𝗬𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘
is a clinical condition of sciatic nerve entrapment at the level of the ischial tuberosity. Patients often reporting pain in the gluteal/buttock region that may "shoot," burn or ache down the back of the leg. The sciatic nerve runs just adjacent to the piriformis muscle, which functions as an external rotator of the hip. Hence, whenever the piriformis muscle is irritated or inflamed, it also affects the sciatic nerve, which then results in sciatica-like pain.
𝗖𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗘
Sciatic nerve entrapment occurs anterior to the piriformis muscle or posterior to the gemelli-obturator internus complex at the level of the ischial tuberosity.
✅️Trauma to the hip or buttock area
✅️Piriformis muscle hypertrophy (often seen in athletes
✅️Sitting for prolonged periods
✅️Bipartite piriformis muscle
✅️Sciatic nerve course/branching variations with respect to the piriformis muscle
𝗘𝗣𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬
Piriformis syndrome may be responsible for 0.3% to 6% of all cases of low back pain and/or sciatica.
𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗦
✅️Chronic pain in the buttock and hip area
✅️Pain when getting out of bed
✅️Inability to sit for a prolonged time
✅️Pain in the buttocks that is worsened by hip movements
✅️Present with symptoms of sciatica
✅️Pain may radiate into the back of the thigh, but at times it may also occur in the lower leg at dermatomes L5 or S1
✅️Palpation may reveal mild to moderate tenderness around the sciatic notch
𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗦
👨⚕️️𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘂𝘃𝗲𝗿. The health care provider may be able to reproduce the patient's symptoms.
1️⃣Freiberg (forceful internal rotation of the extended thigh)
2️⃣Pace (resisted abduction and external rotation of the thigh)
3️⃣Beatty (deep buttock pain produced by the side-lying patient holding a flexed knee several inches off the table)
4️⃣FAIR (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) maneuvers
🖥𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀. Such as ultrasound, MRI, CT, and EMG are mostly useful in excluding other conditions, as above.
🧲𝗠𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆. May show the presence of irritation of the sciatic nerve just adjacent to the sciatic notch.
𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧/𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧
Not more than 48 hours:
💊𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘅𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 & 𝗡𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗗𝘀
💉𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀. Around the piriformis muscle may help decrease the inflammation and pain.
♿️𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗽𝘆. Which entails stretching the piriformis muscle, ROM exercises, deep-tissue massages and other modalities. Evidence shows that both manual and stretching therapies are beneficial.
👩⚕️𝗦𝘂𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘆. Is the last consideration in patients with PS. It should only be considered in patients who have failed conservative therapy, including physical exercise. The surgery may help decompress the nerve if there is any impingement.