15/04/2024
Thalassemia is more than just a word – it's a genetic blood disorder that affects many children worldwide. Here's what you need to know:
**Causes:** Thalassemia arises from mutations in the genes responsible for hemoglobin production. These mutations disrupt the normal process, leading to anemia. It's typically inherited from parents who carry the mutated genes, but sporadic mutations can also occur.
**Symptoms:** Keep an eye out for signs like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, jaundice, and delayed growth. These symptoms can vary based on the type and severity of thalassemia. In severe cases, children may experience complications such as bone deformities, enlarged spleen, and heart problems.
**Types:** Thalassemia comes in two main forms: alpha and beta thalassemia. Each type can be further categorized as mild (thalassemia trait) or severe (thalassemia major). Alpha thalassemia results from mutations in the alpha globin genes, while beta thalassemia involves mutations in the beta globin genes.
**Treatment:** Managing thalassemia involves a multidisciplinary approach. This may include blood transfusions to increase hemoglobin levels, iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from the body (which can accumulate from frequent transfusions), and folic acid supplements to support red blood cell production. In some cases, bone marrow transplant could be considered as a potential cure, particularly for children with severe thalassemia major.
**Prevention:** Preventing thalassemia starts with knowing your genes. Couples with a family history of thalassemia should talk to a doctor before planning a pregnancy. Tests can help predict the risk and guide decisions about having children. Awareness and education are key to stopping thalassemia from passing to future generations.
**Stay Informed:** Regular medical check-ups are essential for children with thalassemia to monitor their condition and adjust treatment as needed. It's also crucial for families to receive genetic counseling to understand the inheritance pattern and make informed decisions about family planning.
💬 Spread the word and raise awareness about thalassemia – together, we can support children living with this condition and their families. Knowledge is power!
Dr. Asad Nazir