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28/02/2012

What is Leukemia?
Leukemia is a cancer of the marrow and blood. European physicians in the19th century were the earliest observers of patients who had markedly increased white cell counts. The term “Weisses Blut”or “white blood”emerged as a designation for the disorder. Later, the term “leukemia,”which is derived from the Greek words “leukos,”meaning “white,”and “haima,”meaning “blood,”was used to indicate the disease. The major forms of leukemia are divided into four categories. The terms “myelogenous”or “lymphocytic”denote the cell type involved. Myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemia each have an acute or chronic form.

Thus, the four major types of leukemia are acute or chronic myelogenous and acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The term “acute lymphocytic leukemia”is synonymous with “acute lymphoblastic leukemia.”The latter term is used more frequently to denote this disease in children. Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing disease that primarily affects cells that are not fully developed or differentiated. These immature cells cannot carry out their normal functions. Chronic leukemia progresses slowly and permits the growth of greater

numbers of developed cells. In general, these mature cells can carry out some of their normal functions. The ability to measure specific features of cells (including appearance, chromosome and gene abnormalities and immune characteristics) has led to further subclassification of the major categories of leukemia. The categories and subsets allow physicians to decide what treatment works best for a given cell type and how quickly the disease may progress.

Leukemia Symtoms

Most patients feel a loss of well-being. They tire more easily and may feel short of breath during physical activity. They may have a pale complexion from anemia. There may be signs of a very low platelet count. These include black and blue marks that occur for no apparent reason or because of a minor injury, the appearance of pinhead-sized red spots under the skin called petechiae or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. Discomfort in the bones and joints may occur. Fever in the absence of an obvious cause is common. Leukemic lymphoblasts may accumulate in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes can be enlarged. The leukemic cells can collect on the lining of the brain and spinal cord and lead to headache or vomiting.

Diagnosis

Blood and marrow cells are examined to diagnose the disease. In addition to low red cell and platelet counts, examination of the stained (dyed) blood cells with a light microscope will usually show the presence of leukemic blast cells. This is confirmed by examination of the marrow with bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, which almost always shows leukemic cells The blood and/or marrow cells are also used for studies of the number and shape of chromosomes

01/02/2012

TAKING CARE OF YOUR HAIR......

Eating a balanced, healthy diet is important for a lot of reasons, and it really benefits your hair.

If you're losing hair, some doctors recommend using baby shampoo, shampooing no more than once a day, and lathering gently. Don't rub your hair too vigorously with a towel, either. Many hair experts suggest putting away the blow dryer and air drying your hair instead. If you can't live without your blow dryer, try using it on a low-heat setting.

Style your hair when it's dry or damp. Styling your hair while it's wet can cause it to stretch and break. And try to avoid teasing your hair, which can cause damage. Finally, be careful when using chemicals — such as straighteners or color — on your hair, and avoid frequent use of chemical treatments.

01/02/2012

What Causes Hair Loss?

Here are some of the things that can cause hair loss in teens:

Illnesses or medical conditions. Endocrine (hormonal) conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disease, can interfere with hair production and cause hair loss. People with lupus can also lose hair. The hormone imbalance that occurs in polycystic o***y syndrome can cause hair loss in teen girls as well as adult women.

Medications. Some medications that have hair loss as a side effect may be prescribed for teens. These include acne medicines like isotretinoin, and lithium, which is used to treat bipolar disorder. Diet pills that contain amphetamines also can cause hair loss. Chemotherapy drugs for cancer are probably the most well-known medications that cause hair loss

Alopecia areata. This skin disease causes hair loss on the scalp and sometimes elsewhere on the body. It affects 1.7% of the population, including more than 5 million people in the United States. Alopecia areata (pronounced: al-uh-pee-shuh air-ee-ah-tuh) is thought to be an autoimmune disease, in which the hair follicles are damaged by a person's own immune system. (In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs in a person's body.)

Trichotillomania (pronounced: trik-o-til-uh-may-nee-uh). Trichotillomania is a psychological disorder in which people repeatedly pull their hair out, often leaving bald patches. It results in areas of baldness and damaged hairs of different lengths. People with trichotillomania usually need professional help from a therapist or other mental health professional before they are able to stop pulling their hair out.

Hair treatments and styling. Having your hair chemically treated, such as getting your hair colored, bleached, straightened, or permed, and applying heat to hair (like using a hot iron or hot blow drying) can cause damage that may make the hair break off or fall out temporarily.

Poor nutrition. Poor eating can contribute to hair loss. This is why some people with eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia lose their hair: The body isn't getting enough protein, vitamins, and minerals to sustain hair growth. Some teens who are vegetarians also lose their hair if they don't get enough protein from non-meat sources. And some athletes are at higher risk for hair loss because they may be more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

Disruption of the hair growth cycle. Some major events can alter the hair's growth cycle temporarily. For example, delivering a baby, having surgery, going through a traumatic event, or having a serious illness or high fever can temporarily cause shedding of large amounts of hair. Because the hair we see on our heads has actually taken months to grow, a person might not notice any disruption of the hair growth cycle until months after the event that caused it. This type of hair loss corrects itself.

Androgenetic alopecia. Among adults, the most common cause of hair loss is androgenetic (pronounced: an-druh-juh-neh-tik) alopecia, sometimes called male- or female-pattern baldness. This condition is caused by a combination of factors, including hormones called androgens and genetics. Sometimes, the hair loss can start as early as the mid-teen years. It also can occur in people who take steroids like testosterone to build their bodies.

01/02/2012

Hair Basics

Hair is made of a type of protein called keratin. A single hair consists of a hair shaft (the part that shows), a root below the skin, and a follicle, from which the hair root grows. At the lower end of the follicle is the hair bulb, where the hair's color pigment, or melanin, is produced.

Most people lose about 50 to 100 head hairs a day. These hairs are replaced — they grow back in the same follicle on your head. This amount of hair loss is totally normal and no cause for worry. If you're losing more than that, though, something might be wrong.

If you have hair loss and don't know what's causing it, talk to your doctor. A doctor can determine why the hair is falling out and suggest a treatment that will correct the underlying problem, if necessary.

26/01/2012

Hepatitis C test

If you think you could have been in contact with the hepatitis C virus at any point in the past, you can have a test to find out if you've been infected. You should ask you GP. Local drug agencies and sexual health clinics (sometimes called genito-urinary medicine or GUM clinics) may also offer testing.

26/01/2012

SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS C......

The HCV infection takes years to produce symptoms in those infected with this virus. About 35% of the infected people may produce symptoms while the rest may not produce symptoms at all. Hepatitis C does not have prominent symptoms in the early stage. The infected individual may experience vague symptoms such as abdominal pain, impaired digestion, loss of appetite, lassitude, weakness, itching, etc. However, these symptoms are so common that it is hard to point towards the diagnosis of Hepatitis C. The severity of the symptoms is not directly proportional to the intensity of liver dysfunction, however.

Patients in the advanced stage may experience more severe symptoms such as yellow sclera, sometimes paleness (whiteness) of eyes, loss of appetite, depression, bleeding from re**um, bloody vomiting, exhaustion and weight loss. Advanced stage symptoms of Hepatitis C are those due to chronic inflammation of liver (hepatitis), cirrhosis (scarring of tissues) of liver and/or liver failure.

The patients with acute Hepatitis C present with lethargic feeling, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, body pain, and exhaustion. Objectively, one may observe yellowness of sclera (icterus or jaundice as it is called).