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Medical lab technology, Peshawar (2025)

22/02/2025

Typhoid Fever

23/01/2025

of Headaches

19/01/2025

𝘾𝘼𝙈𝙋 𝙏𝙚𝙨𝙩📌

▪️It is used for the identification of 𝙎𝙩𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙘𝙤𝙘𝙘𝙪𝙨 𝙖𝙜𝙖𝙡𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙚.
• It is a Group 𝐁 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐚-𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜 streptococci.

• It is the only beta-hemolytic Streptococcus which secrete a protein called 𝐂𝐀𝐌𝐏 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐫 "𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐁".

• It is one of the causative agents of 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐰𝐬.

▪️ 𝘾𝘼𝙈𝙋 is an acronym for the authors of this test (𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐞, 𝐀𝐭𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐧, 𝐌𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐡, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧) which was identified in 1944.

𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲📌

• Streptococcus agalactiae produces a diffusible, thermostable, extracellular protein known as CAMP factor.

▪️CAMP factor acts synergistically with the beta lysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus to produce a zone of enhanced lysis of sheep or bovine erythrocytes.

• The group B streptococci are streaked 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐒. 𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐮𝐬 on sheep blood agar.

𝗥𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀📌

• A 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 appears as an 𝐞𝐧𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 is indicated by an arrow head-shaped zone of beta-hemolysis at the junction of the two organisms.

• Negative: No 𝐞𝐧𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬.

𝙐𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝘾𝘼𝙈𝙋 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩📌

▪️ It can be used to determine the ability of an organism to produce the CAMP factor.

▪️ It is used to differentiate Streptococcus agalactiae from other species of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

▪️It is used to identify Listeria monocytogenes which also produces a positive CAMP reaction.

14/12/2024

HbA1c🤔
HbA1c test is a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months.
It helps to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes and also helps manage diabetes.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells which carries oxygen throughout your body.
The sugar in your blood is called glucose which binds to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.
The A1c test measures how much glucose is bound to the red cells.
Red blood cells live for about 3 months, so the test shows the average level of glucose in your blood for the past 3 months.

Interpretations
Below 5.7%: Normal
5.7 to 6.4: Prediabetes
6.5 or higher: Diabetes