13/10/2023
10 lessons from How Democracies Die by Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt:
1. Democracy is fragile. It can be easily eroded, and it can even die.
2. There are a number of factors that can contribute to the death of democracy. These include political polarization, a decline in trust in institutions, and a rise in executive overreach.
3. The path to authoritarianism is often gradual and incremental. It is important to be vigilant and to speak out against any attempts to undermine democracy, no matter how small they may seem.
4. Authoritarians often use democratic institutions to weaken democracy. For example, they may pack the courts with their own judges, gerrymander districts, or suppress voter turnout.
5. Authoritarians often exploit divisions within society. They may use fear, hatred, and scapegoating to turn people against each other.
6. Authoritarians often target the media and civil society. They may try to silence dissent and to undermine the institutions that hold them accountable.
7. Democracy depends on the willingness of citizens to defend it. It is important to be informed and engaged, and to participate in the democratic process.
8. It is important to build alliances with others who are committed to democracy. This includes people from different political parties and different walks of life.
9. It is important to be prepared to stand up to authoritarians, even when it is difficult. This may mean participating in protests, running for office, or simply speaking out against injustice.
10. Democracy is worth fighting for. It is the best form of government we have, and it is essential for freedom and prosperity.
Levitsky and Ziblatt also provide a number of specific tips for citizens on how to defend democracy. These tips include:
• Be informed and engaged.
• Participate in the democratic process.
• Build alliances with others who are committed to democracy.
• Be prepared to stand up to authoritarians.
Democracy is a precious gift, but it is not something we can take for granted. It is important to be vigilant and to defend democracy from those who would seek to undermine it.