20/07/2025
Ethnomedicnal Investigation of Medicinal plants, Incorporates the " Qanoon Mufrad Aaza" theory to analyze Ethnomedicnal practices in Shinkad Valley KPK,Swat Pakistan .
Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Of Swat
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The charming Swat with its striking landscapes of mountains, forests, woodlands and alpine meadows is rich in biological and bio-cultural diversity and natural beauty. Due to its multitude of ecological conditions it is home to a vast array of flora and fauna, with considerable number of endemic taxa and yet unexplored species as well.It is bounded in the North by Chitral and Ghizar Districts, to the East lies Shangla and Kohistan Districts, Buner and Malakand Districts are situated in the South and the western boundary is formed by the districts of upper and lower Dir. The total area of the district is 5337 square kilometers, which supports a human population of about 1.7 million, with 295 persons per square kilometer and an annual growth rate of 3.3 (Anon, 1998). Swat is a historic site of the world which has seen many rulers, cultures, civilizations and religions to be its part once in the history and hosts innumerable monuments of ancient civilizations, spanning 5,000 years of history (Balala, 2002).
The district Swat is a compendium of many gorgeous valleys. It stretches from Landakay in south to Gabral in the north with a length of about 91 miles. Two narrow strips of plains run along the banks of Swat River from Landakay to Madyan. Beyond Madyan in Kohistan-e-Swat, the plan is too little to be mentioned. The district has an average width of 5 miles with the widest portion of the district is between Barikot and Khwazakhela. In fact whole of the district is a compendium of mountainous gorges with many small lateral valleys that is being drained by the River Swat with its tributaries drain each of the small valley and the main river running north-southwards in the centre of the district. Therefore, the whole district seems to be the outcome of running water.
At riverbanks and deltas, Rive rain and Mangrove forests have emerged. On humid hills and mountains, pines and coniferous forests occur that change with altitude. The Dry sub-Tropical forests dominate up to an altitude of 1,000m, the Coniferous forests from 1,000 to 3000m. Above tree line Dwarf Sub Alpine forests followed by the Alpine Pastures occur up to snow line.
Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Swat are:
Quercus dilatata(سیڑئی), Polygonatum verticillatum/multiflorum(نورعالم), Bunium persicum(کالا زیرہ), Trachyspermum(اجوائن دیسی), Prunus amygdalus(بادام), Corydalis govaniana(مامیرہ), Pistacia integerrima(پستہ), Bergenia ciliata(زخم حیات), Morus nigra(توت سیاہ), Colchicum luteum(سورنجان تلخ), Mentha longifolia(وینلے), Mentha arvensis(پودینہ), Morchella esculenta(کومبی/گوچی), Podophyllum hexandrum(کاکوڑہ), Paeonia emodi(مامک-مامیخ), Cichorium intybus(کاسنی/ھن), Juglans regia(اخروٹ), Foeniculum vulgare(سونف), Dioscorea deltoidea(کنیس), Berberis vulgaris(کورے), Valeriana jatamansi(مشک بلا), Bistorta amplexicaulis(انجبار), Viola canescens(بنفشہ), Aconitum violaceum(زہر بوٹے), Onosma bracteatum(غواجابئی)۔
Prepared by:
Meezan Dawakhana Rawalpindi (Registered)
C.E.O: Hakeem Abdul Aziz
Branch 1: Swat Branch 2: Wah Cantt
Branch 3: Karachi