02/06/2023
*Basic Psychology Terms*
*Anxiety* - worry or fear that is not proportional to reality
*Attachment theory* - Henry Harlow’s theory of the four attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious, and disorganized)
*Attitude* - a person’s mindset that changes in different situations
*Bias* - feeling prejudice for or against something
*Big Five* - the five main personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness)
*Catharsis* - relief that occurs unconscious thoughts become conscious
*Cognition* - mental activity (e.g., understanding, creativity, problem-solving)
*Consciousness* - one’s awareness of the world around them
*Construct* - a method of thinking or theory
*Coping mechanism* - tool to manage and/or relieve stress
*Defense mechanism* - tool to defend oneself against emotional trauma or stress
*Delusions* - beliefs that are held even when proven wrong
*Ego* - part of Freud’s model of the psyche that balances the conflict between the moral conscience (superego) and primal instincts (id)
*Emotional intelligence* - one’s ability to regulate, process, and express emotions
*Extrovert* - a person who gains energy from being around other people
*Hierarchy of needs* - Maslow’s theory that people’s motivations come from four levels of needs (physiological, safety, love and belonging, and self-esteem) that lead to self-actualization
*Id* - the primal, instinctual part of Freud’s model of the human psyche
*Intelligence quotient (IQ)* - score that measures a person’s cognitive abilities
*Introvert* - a person who feels energized after time alone
*Long term memory*- memory system that stores information for a long period
*Mindfulness* - ability to use all five senses to focus on the present moment
*Nature vs. nurture* - debate about whether one’s genes (nature) are more or less influential than they way they were raised (nurture)
*Paradox* - a contradictory statement
*Pathology* - scientific study of disease and/or behavior
*Personality* - one’s standard pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving
*Projection* - defense mechanism that applies one’s own negative behavior to others
*Schema* - mental model that includes prior knowledge and expectations
*Self-actualization* - the highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; the need to realize one’s full potential
*Short-term memory* - memory system that only stores information for a short amount of time
*Self-efficacy* - one’s knowledge and confidence that they can meet challenges
*Stress* - the negative effect of challenging circumstances on one’s mental and emotional wellbeing
*Superego* - part of Freud’s model of the psyche that handles moral decisions; also known as the conscience...
