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Zoodietetyczka, Wroclaw (2025)

13/07/2025

🇺🇸Protein-losing enteropathy refers to a group of chronic, nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that cause excessive loss of plasma proteins into the intestinal lumen. In these cases, we often observe erosive damage to the intestinal mucosa, pathological changes in lymphatic vessels, and increased intestinal epithelial permeability.
As a result, proteins such as albumin leak into the intestines and are lost from the body. This can lead to hypoalbuminemia—a reduction in blood albumin levels below 2 g/dL—which may also be accompanied by decreased levels of globulins.
Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to PLE. These include:
Rottweilers, German Shepherds, Shar-Peis, Maltese, Yorkshire Terriers, Pugs, Cavaliers, French Bulldogs, Irish Terriers, and Basenjis.
Common symptoms include: weight loss, malnutrition, decreased or absent appetite, diarrhea and vomiting
Less common signs: peripheral edema, abdominal effusion (ascites), difficulty breathing, paralysis, neuromuscular symptoms (due to calcium imbalance)
Important: Diarrhea is not always present!
Diet plays a crucial role in managing PLE. Key nutritional strategies include:
1. Do not restrict protein – Maintaining adequate protein intake is essential to prevent further muscle loss and malnutrition.
2. High digestibility – The diet should be easy to digest to support nutrient absorption.
3. High palatability – Patients with reduced appetite should be encouraged to eat with tasty meals.
4. Minimal ingredients – The diet should minimize potential food allergens or intolerances.
5. Fat restriction – Fat should provide less than 20% of dietary calories. In severe cases, an ultralow-fat diet may be necessary (3–5% of calories from fat or max 3.5g of fat per 1000 kcal).
6. Assisted feeding – If the dog is unwilling to eat, feeding tubes may be required to ensure nutritional support.
Ultralow-Fat Diets in PLE
In patients unresponsive to steroid therapy, ultralow-fat diets have shown promising results. These diets must be carefully designed by a veterinary nutritionist to ensure balance despite extremely low fat content.

03/07/2025

🇵🇱czy nifuroksazyd leczy biegunki
🇺🇸does nifuroxazide cure diarrhea?

💊 How does nifuroxazide work?
• It is a nitrofuran derivative
• It acts as an antibacterial and/or bacteriostatic agent in the intestinal lumen
• This means it leads to bacterial death or inhibits their growth
• It is not absorbed from the digestive tract

🔬 Are nifuroxazide and antibiotics the same?
• Antibiotics have different mechanisms and work throughout the body
• Nifuroxazide inhibits bacterial enzymes and protein synthesis – acting locally in the intestines
• However, both nifuroxazide and antibiotics negatively affect the gut microbiota

💩 What is acute uncomplicated diarrhea?
• Diarrhea is defined as a change in stool consistency to loose
• If diarrhea lasts less than 3 weeks, it is considered acute
• If acute diarrhea is not accompanied by vomiting, fever, or severe abdominal pain, it is called uncomplicated

❓ Do we need nifuroxazide or antibiotics for diarrhea?
• Do you run for antibiotics every time you have diarrhea?
• Bacteriostatic drugs and antibiotics should be used only when septic symptoms occur
• Septic symptoms include fever, significant leukocytosis, and increased heart rate

✅ What to do in acute uncomplicated diarrhea?
• Introduce fasting for 8–10h
• Ensure proper hydration – primarily water, but also electrolyte solutions
• Give binding or thickening supplements
• Give probiotics and prebiotics

⚠️ Why are nifuroxazide and antibiotics so popular?
• Because they quickly stop symptoms
• Unfortunately, at the cost of strong negative effects on microbiota
• They contribute to dysbiosis, which can lead to recurrent diarrhea and digestive problems
• Let’s listen to global guidelines and use these preparations responsibly

20/01/2025

🇵🇱 Ostatni wpis dotyczący sond
🇺🇸Feeding through a tube is simple, and it’s best to use a high-quality wet food. Any type of “milk” or liquid food usually has a poor composition and is often not suitable for optimal feeding of sick patients.

The food is blended with water and given at room temperature. If we heat it in the microwave, we must make sure there are no hot spots. Giving food that is too hot can irritate or even burn the digestive tract. Feeding food that is too cold can cause vomiting.

Feeding steps: Rinse the tube with about 5-10 ml of water; Administer food at a rate of about 1 ml per second; After feeding, rinse the tube again with 5-10 ml of water; Close the tube and secure it around the neck.

What if the tube gets clogged?
We can try flushing it with water.If ineffective, we can attach a syringe with water and alternate between pushing and sucking. A controversial method is to insert 5-10 ml of Coca-Cola into the tube overnight or for several hours.

We should not administer pills through the tube because they may clog it, but if it’s possible to crush them into powder, this can be dissolved in water and given. We can also give liquid medications.
Removing the tube doesn’t require anesthesia. The wound from the tube heals on its own without needing stitches. Even if the animal pulls out the tube, not much harm will be done, and it will simply need to be reinserted.

I am very sorry that tubes are used sporadically in Poland, and few clinics decide to use them. Let’s not be afraid of them. They are minimally invasive and really improve the comfort of a dog or cat that isn’t eating. Forcing an animal to eat, constantly chasing it with pieces of food, the risk of choking when feeding with a syringe, giving inappropriate food just to make the animal eat – none of this is necessary when using a feeding tube.

24/12/2024

🇵🇱Wesołych i spokojnych Świąt !!!
🇺🇸Merry Christmas 🎁 to each and all of you celebrating the Holidays in a religious or secular way. I’d like to wish you peace, joy and most of all time spent with those most precious to you - regardless if they walk on two or four legs. Let me share some last minute advice to help you spend the Holidays in a more relaxed and safer way.
- remember to secure dangerous foods
- put away yarns, threads, bows (especially in cat households)
- Make sure your fur baby has a quiet spot where it can withdraw
- The Holidays is not a good time for food experiments
If traveling with your pet:
- make sure you have all their meds
- check the nearest emergency vet and save that contact in your phone
- remember to take enough food, favorite cat litter, blanket smelling of home
Have a safe and happy Holiday everyone!!!

14/10/2024

🇵🇱Kolejny rodzaj włókna.

🇺🇸Cellulose is another type of dietary fiber which is water insoluble. It does not ferment and has a high potential to bind water insoluble the large intestines and since it has no odor or taste it is quite easily accepted by cats. Unlike psyllium it has mostly anti diarrhea effects. The effect is immediate due to its water binding capacities. It increases the patient’s comfort during inflammation of the large intestines, enteropathy, acute or stress related diarrhea. The dosage is between 0,5 and 1 g per kg divided between meals. We increase the dose very slowly and use cellulose with minimal fiber length of 200 ng. Since it is fiber we proceed with caution in pancreatic patients and if we introduce a dose to high it can actually cause diarrhea. Since it does not have any nutritional value it is safe for kidney patients.

07/10/2024

🇵🇱Pytanie bardzo częste

🇺🇸Should a healthy dog be supplemented? The answer is - it depends on the type of feeding. BARF or BACF fed dogs must be supplemented - I have already written about it here. Dogs that are fed commercial complete food do not require additional supplementation. It doesn’t mean that they will not benefit from it. In my opinion the best supplement for such dogs are omega 3 acids and this is what I recommend. if somebody would like to go further we can safely supplement vitamin E, vitamins B, chlorella and spirulina. Omega 3 acids support the skin, coat, heart and kidneys; reduce stress; improve the immune system and mental functions in older animals. Witamin E is a strong antioxidant helping with inflammation and vitamins B support the neural system and microbiota. Chlorella detoxifies, helps with fresh breath and nice skin odor, supports microbiota and the immune system. Spirulina is a superfood rich in amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It is vital not to give calcium to dogs fed commercial diets, especially puppies since we upset the Ca:P balance and can do more harm than good. If we really want to supplement joints it is safe to use collagen type II

14/07/2024

Fiber is a group of plant derived substances which can’t be digested by enzymes. It can be water soluble or insoluble. The first fiber type to be discussed is psyllium. It is water soluble but doesn’t ferment. It is odorless and almost tasteless. It contains mucus in the husk and can bind up to 10 times its weight in water. It helps in reduction diets by providing a sense of satiety, stimulates the passage in the intestines, normalizes f***s, slows down the emptying of the stomach. It has to be used with caution in patients with slowed down GI passage and hindered absorption as well those with pancreatitis. We use 0,5 - 1 g per kg starting low and gradually increasing to effect spread out over meals. We mix it with water - 10 to 20 times its weight. Ground psyllium needs 5 min and husks 15 min in water. We need to make sure that the animal has access to enough drinking water. We have to remember that while using psyllium the f***s can be in the form of one “chain” which should pass after a few days. Psyllium can cause bloating and should the f***s not improve in consistency we stop the psyllium.
animal origin.

29/02/2024

🇺🇸Should we withhold food in dogs and cats with acute pancreatitis (AP)? I still encounter a lot of patients who receive such recommendations. Nowadays we already know that is it not recommended. In cats the problem is not so wide spread due to the risk of fatty liver. Dogs unfortunately still fasten. It was proven in 2008 that lack of enteral nutrition for 3 days or more are associated with a negative outcome. Negative effects of fasting are: increased villi athrophy, increased intestinal permeability with greater risk of bacterial translocation, decrease in goblet cells and deep crypt cell, reduced transport of glutamine and arginine. The diet should be highly digestible, high protein, low carbs and moderate lipids (cats), normal protein with ow fat if hyperlipidemia (dogs). If the patient doesn’t eat we should consider appetite stimulate, feeding tuber, jejunostomic. Also patients with chronic pancreatitis conditions benefit from a more frequent feeding in small amount.

07/01/2024

🇵🇱 na podstawie „ACVIM consensus statement: Support for rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants to dogs and cats” 2018
🇺🇸Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are very often prescribed to my nutritional patients. They lower the production of stomach acid by up to 90%. The effect lasts 2 to 5 days.
In veterinary medicine we mostly use omeprazole and pantoprazol. Unfortunately this type of medication is often overused. Currently the consensus is that we only use PPI in GUE. sometimes it is used in ureamia with risk of ulceration and bleeding. Administration of IPP should normally be limited to a couple of days. The adverse effects include:
- it is metabolized by 450 and therefore influence medication metabolism
- Medicine requiring acidic environment is not well absorbed
- Decreased iron, cobalamin and magnesium levels
- In rats it increases GI tumor risk
- causes dysbiosis, gastritis, diarrhea and vomiting
IPP do not work as a gastro protective drug. It can even increase the risk of epithelial damage. An overgrowth of bacteria in the upper GI tract increases risk of bacterial aspirational pneumonia.
What should we use as gastroprotection - probiotics and prebiotics.

24/12/2023

🇵🇱Wesołych i spokojnych Świąt !!!

🇺🇸Merry Christmas 🎁 to each and all of you celebrating the Holidays in a religious or secular way. I’d like to wish you peace, joy and most of all time spent with those most precious to you - regardless if they walk on two or four legs. Let me share some last minute advice to help you spend the Holidays in a more relaxed and safer way.
- remember to secure dangerous foods
- put away yarns, threads, bows (especially in cat households)
- Make sure your fur baby has a quiet spot where it can withdraw
- The Holidays is not a good time for food experiments
If traveling with your pet:
- make sure you have all their meds
- check the nearest emergency vet and save that contact in your phone
- remember to take enough food, favorite cat litter, blanket smelling of home
Have a safe and happy Holiday everyone!!!

17/12/2023

Nieustannie będę zachęcać do upowszechniania sondy doprzełykowej, która potrafi znacznie zwiększyć komfort pacjentów z problemami z pobieraniem jedzenia.
Dziś zajmiemy się procesem zakładania i pielęgnacji sondy.

I am an ambassador for the esophageal tube. It can considerably improve the wellbeing of patients with eating problems.
Let’s talk about the procedure to put on a tube and how to take care of it.
The application requires minimal sedation and takes only 10-15 min. Even seriously ill patient can undergo such short sedation. The tube is inserted through a small incision at the side of the neck into the esophagus.
There are several advantages to esophageal tubes. They do not bother the pet and is gently bandaged to the skin when not in use. The pet can eat and drink with the tube in place and it is viable even a few months. We don’t need anesthesia or sutures for removal. The maintenance requires only to clean the entrance point with gauze dipped in water or antiseptic.

Zoodietetyczka

13/07/2025

03/07/2025

20/01/2025

24/12/2024

14/10/2024

07/10/2024

14/07/2024

29/02/2024

07/01/2024

24/12/2023

17/12/2023

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