
02/11/2024
If you take young, healthy people and split them into two groups, half on a fat-rich diet and the other half on a carb-rich diet, within just two days, glucose intolerance skyrockets in the fatty diet group. In response to the same sugar water challenge, those who had been taking in a lot of fat ended up with twice the blood sugar. As the amount of fat in the diet goes up, our blood sugar spikes.
Insulin is the key that unlocks the door to our cells to let blood sugar enter and be used or stored as energy. If there was no insulin, blood sugar would be stuck out in the bloodstream, banging on the doors to our cells but unable to get inside. So, with nowhere to go, sugar levels would rise and rise. That’s what happens in type 1 diabetes: The cells in the pancreas that make insulin get destroyed, and, without insulin, sugar in the blood can’t get out of the blood and into our cells, and, therefore, blood sugar rises.
What if there’s enough insulin being produced, but the insulin doesn’t work (as in cases of type 2 diabetes)? When insulin is present, but something is gumming up the lock to open the cell wall, not allowing it to work properly, that’s called insulin resistance. Our cells become resistant to the effect of insulin.
What’s causing this? Fat in the bloodstream can build up inside our muscle cells and create toxic, fatty, breakdown products and free radicals that can block the signaling pathway process. So, no matter how much insulin we have in our blood, it isn’t able to open the glucose gates, and blood sugar levels build up.
This mechanism, by which fat (specifically saturated fat) induces insulin resistance, wasn’t known until fancy MRI techniques were developed to see what was happening inside people’s muscles as fat was infused into their bloodstream.
Insulin doesn’t work as well on a high-fat diet, like a ketogenic one. Our bodies are insulin-resistant. As the amount of fat in our diet gets lower and lower, insulin works better and better. Watch the video "What Causes Insulin Resistance?" on NutritionFacts.org to learn more: https://buff.ly/33o2uwF.
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