20/02/2026
🇬🇧 New Research Published — Flow Optimizer Framework: Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment for Serious Games
We’re excited to share our latest publication in Games for Health Journal. This study presents the Flow Optimizer Framework (FOF) — a game‑agnostic dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) system designed for Unity — enabling real‑time adaptation of serious games using performance‑based and physiological data. By integrating modules for data streaming, rule‑based adaptation, and biofeedback (including heart‑rate‑driven control), FOF supports more engaging and personalized gameplay experiences.
The work includes a technical validation of the system’s reliability under real‑time data loads, as well as a usability study using a VR game (RobotMania) to evaluate how implicit (HR‑based), explicit (performance‑based), and subjective (self‑reported stress) paradigms influence player flow, engagement, and challenge. Results show that biofeedback‑based adaptation provides the most natural and enjoyable experience, increasing both performance and perceived skill‑fit.
📎 Read the full open‑access article here:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/2161783X251414444
🇵🇹 Nova Publicação — Flow Optimizer Framework: Ajuste Dinâmico de Dificuldade em Serious Games
Temos o prazer de anunciar a nossa nova publicação na Games for Health Journal. Este trabalho apresenta o Flow Optimizer Framework (FOF) — um sistema agnóstico ao jogo para ajuste dinâmico de dificuldade (DDA) em Unity — que permite adaptar jogos em tempo real com base em dados fisiológicos e de desempenho. O FOF integra módulos para monitorização contínua, definição de regras e biofeedback, incluindo controladores baseados em frequência cardíaca.
📎 Consulte o artigo completo (open‑access):
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/2161783X251414444