07/03/2026
BYITONDERE: USHOBORA KWANDURA IZI NDWARA ZIKOMEYE IGIHE URI KURYOHERWA NO GUSOMANA N'UMUKUNZI WAWE
1. Gusomana bishobora gutuma mikorobe zinyura mu macandwe hagati y’abantu babiri.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi y’indwara zanduza, byagaragaye ko umunwa w’umuntu ari imwe mu myanya y’umubiri ibamo mikorobe nyinshi cyane. Hari bakteriya zirenga amoko 700 zishobora kuboneka mu kanwa k’umuntu. Iyo abantu basomanye cyane cyane gusomana gukoresha indimi (deep kissing cyangwa French kiss), habaho guhererekanya amacandwe menshi. Aya macandwe ashobora kuba arimo bakteriya, virusi cyangwa fungi. Uko gusimburana kw’izo mikorobe bishobora gutuma umuntu wandura mu gihe undi yari asanzwe ayifite.
2. Virusi ya herpes simplex (HSV-1) ni imwe mu ndwara zikunda kwandurira mu gusomana.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 ni virusi itera ibisebe byo ku munwa bizwi nka “cold sores”. Iyi virusi ikunda kuba mu kanwa cyangwa ku minwa y’umuntu uyifite, kandi ishobora kwandura byoroshye cyane igihe habayeho gusomana. Iyo umuntu afite igisebe ku munwa cyangwa ku rurimi, virusi iba iri ku bwinshi muri ako gace. Iyo asomanye n’undi muntu, virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri w’undi biciye ku dusebe duto tutagaragara mu kanwa.
3. Indwara ya mononucleose (izwi nka “kissing disease”) nayo ishobora kwandurira mu gusomana.
Mononucleose iterwa na Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Iyi virusi ikunda kwandurira mu macandwe, ari nayo mpamvu mu ndimi zimwe bayita “kissing disease”. Ibimenyetso byayo birimo umunaniro ukabije, kubyimba kw’impyiko z’umubiri (lymph nodes), kubabara mu muhogo, no kugira umuriro. Iyo abantu basomanye cyane, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, bashobora guhererekanya iyi virusi batabizi.
4. Indwara z’amenyo n’ibyapa byo mu kanwa nazo zishobora kwandurira mu gusomana.
Bakteriya zitera indwara z’amenyo nka Streptococcus mutans zishobora kunyura mu macandwe. Iyo umuntu afite amenyo arwaye cyane cyangwa ibisebe byo mu kanwa, gusomana bishobora gutuma izo bakteriya zinyura ku wundi muntu. Uwo muntu ashobora gutangira kugira ikibazo cy’amenyo yangirika, gingivite cyangwa parodontite bitewe n’izo mikorobe zimugezemo.
5. Indwara ziterwa na papillomavirus (HPV) zishobora kwandurira mu kanwa.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) ni virusi izwi cyane mu gutera kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Nubwo ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ishobora no kwandurira mu kanwa binyuze mu macandwe cyangwa mu guhura kw’uduce twangiritse mu kanwa. Hari ubwoko bwa HPV bushobora gutera kanseri zo mu muhogo cyangwa mu kanwa iyo bwageze mu mubiri.
6. Indwara zo mu muhogo nka streptococcal pharyngitis zishobora kwandurira mu gusomana.
Streptococcus pyogenes ni bakteriya ishobora gutera indwara y’umuhogo izwi nka “strep throat”. Iyi bakteriya ishobora kuba iri mu macandwe y’umuntu urwaye. Iyo abantu basomanye, cyane cyane igihe umwe arwaye umuhogo, bakteriya ishobora kwandura undi muntu. Ibi bishobora gutuma undi nawe agira kubabara mu muhogo, umuriro ndetse n’utubyimba mu ijosi.
7. Hepatite B ishobora kwandurira mu gusomana iyo hari ibisebe mu kanwa.
Nubwo hepatite B ikunze kwandurira mu maraso cyangwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, hari ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ishobora no kwandurira mu gusomana iyo mu kanwa harimo ibisebe cyangwa amaraso make. Virusi ya hepatite B iba iri mu maraso n’amacandwe ku rugero ruto, ariko iyo habayeho aho yinjirira mu mubiri, ishobora kwandura.
8. Imikorere y’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri igira uruhare runini mu kwirinda izo ndwara.
Iyo umuntu afite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bukomeye, umubiri ushobora kurwanya mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zinjiye mu kanwa. Ariko iyo ubudahangarwa buri hasi (nk’igihe umuntu arwaye cyane, afite umunaniro cyangwa indwara zidakira), mikorobe zishobora gufata umwanya zigatera indwara. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bafite indwara zituma ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bugabanuka bagomba kwitonda cyane.
9. Isuku yo mu kanwa ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.
Koza amenyo neza, gukoresha floss, no gusukura ururimi bifasha kugabanya mikorobe ziba mu kanwa. Abaganga b’amenyo basaba ko abantu bakwiye koza amenyo byibura kabiri ku munsi kandi bagasura muganga w’amenyo nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Iyo isuku yo mu kanwa ari nziza, umubare wa bakteriya ushobora kwandura ugabanuka cyane.
10. Kwirinda gusomana igihe hari ibimenyetso by’indwara ni ingenzi mu gukumira ubwandu.
Iyo umuntu afite ibisebe ku munwa, kubabara mu muhogo, umuriro cyangwa indwara y’amenyo, ni byiza kwirinda gusomana kugeza akize neza. Ibi bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo guhererekanya mikorobe. Kumenya uko indwara zikwirakwira no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda ni imwe mu nzira nziza zo kurinda ubuzima bw’abakundana.